Appian: Roman History, Vol. IV, The Civil Wars, Books 3.27-5 (Loeb Classical Library No. 5)
(
Appian (Appianus) was a Greek official of Alexandria. H...)
Appian (Appianus) was a Greek official of Alexandria. He saw the Jewish rebellion of 116 CE, and later became a Roman citizen and advocate and received the rank of eques (knight). In his older years he held a procuratorship. He died during the reign of Antoninus Pius who was emperor 138–161 CE. Honest admirer of the Roman empire though ignorant of the institutions of the earlier Roman republic, he wrote, in the simple 'common' dialect, 24 books of 'Roman affairs', in fact conquests, from the beginnings to the times of Trajan (emperor 98–117 CE). Eleven have come down to us complete, or nearly so, namely those on the Spanish, Hannibalic, Punic, Illyrian, Syrian, and Mithridatic wars, and five books on the Civil Wars. They are valuable records of military history.
The Loeb Classical Library edition of Appian is in four volumes.
Horace White was an American journalist and economist
Background
Horace White was born at Colebrook, N. H. , the son of Horace White, a physician, and his wife, Eliza Moore. As agent of the New England Emigration Company, Dr. White founded the town of Beloit, Wis. , where his wife and two sons joined him in 1838.
Education
Entering Beloit College in 1849, at the age of fifteen, Horace was graduated four years later.
Career
He at once entered journalism and in 1854 became city editor of the Chicago Evening Journal. The following year he was made Chicago agent of the New York Associated Press. This place, also, he held but a short time for, deeply stirred by the events in "bleeding Kansas, " he soon became assistant secretary of the National Kansas Commission. As such it was his duty to receive and forward money, arms, ammunition, and supplies of all kinds to the Free State pioneers - among them John Brown and two of his sons - and to outfit parties of new settlers who passed through Iowa and Nebraska to the scene of the conflict. In 1857 he himself went to Kansas with the expectation of becoming a settler and a leader of the anti-slavery forces. Returning to Chicago to make final arrangements, he was induced by Dr. C. H. Ray, editor of the Chicago Tribune, to accept a position on that paper, of which he was a minority stockholder until his death. In 1858 he reported for it the Lincoln-Douglas debates, thus beginning a warm friendship with Abraham Lincoln and also with Henry Villard, then correspondent of the New York Staats-Zeitung. At the outbreak of the Civil War the Chicago Tribune made White its Washington correspondent, permitting him also to hold the important position of clerk of the Senate committee on military affairs, which position gave to him a remarkable insight into the conduct of the war. In 1864 he formed, with Henry Villard and Adams Sherman Hill, in later life the distinguished Boylston Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard University, the first news agency to compete with the Associated Press, serving the Chicago Tribune, Springfield Republican, Boston Advertiser, Cincinnati Commercial, Rochester Democrat, and the Missouri Democrat of St. Louis. Villard took the field with the Army of the Potomac, and White and Hill covered Washington. With the close of the war this syndicate was dissolved and White became editor-in-chief of the Chicago Tribune, remaining as such until his resignation because of ill health in 1874. In 1877 he joined Villard, then receiver of the Kansas-Pacific Railroad, in the service of that enterprise, subsequently being appointed treasurer of the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company when Villard became president. In 1881 the latter purchased the New York Evening Post, and the Nation, and placed at their head the distinguished triumvirate, Carl Schurz, Horace White, and Edwin L. Godkin, in order to continue the then failing Nation, and to establish a politically independent daily newspaper devoted to the highest political and social ideals. The triumvirate lasted, however, only a little more than two years, at the end of which time Schurz retired and Godkin became editor, with White in charge of the financial and economic policies of the two journals. In this field White at once took a position of high authority. His book Money and Banking, Illustrated by American History, first published in 1895, was in 1935 still a standard textbook in schools and colleges. When Godkin retired in 1899, White became editor-in-chief of the Evening Post, which position he held until his retirement because of failing health in 1903. In 1908 Gov. Charles E. Hughes of New York appointed him chairman of a commission on speculation in securities and commodities, authorized by the legislature of the state. Its report recommended no action by the legislature and placed upon the stock exchange itself "the duty of restraint and reform. " Eight of the fourteen recommendations were adopted by the governors of the exchange.
(
Appian (Appianus) was a Greek official of Alexandria. H...)
Politics
A convinced free-trader and an old-fashioned liberal of the Manchester school, he, like Godkin, threw himself passionately into the Evening Post's opposition to the annexation of Hawaii, to the American governments' attitude in the Venezuelan imbroglio with England in 1895, and to the war with Spain and the conquest of the Philippines, in all of which opposition he and his associates were actuated by complete devotion to the American ideal as they understood it. Like Godkin, too, he was rigid in upholding the literary and scholarly traditions of the Evening Post, the editorial page of which was for thirty-seven years one of the most distinguished in American journalism.
Membership
Personality
Of exceptionally strong character, White enjoyed the complete respect and the warm regard of friends and associates. He was always more the scholar and the philosopher than the journalist or executive. His modesty was extreme; his repugnance to public appearances, unconquerable. He had an extraordinarily strong grasp of fundamental economic truths which nothing could disturb.
Connections
White was married first to Martha Root of New Haven, Connecticut, who died in 1873, and second, in 1875, to Amelia Jane McDougall of Chicago, Ill. , who died in 1885. He had three daughters.