Background
Huang was born in 1900 in Hupeh province.
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Huang Huo-ch’ing
Edit ProfileEducation
He participated in the May Fourth Movement in 1919, possibly while he was a student at Peking University. He joined the CCP in 1926 and in that same year headed a section of the Party’s Central Social Affairs Department, suggesting that he was involved in intelligence work. In this same year he was also a section head of the Party’s Labor Department. Because the Party headquarters were then in Shanghai, Huang presumably was working there when he held these positions.
By 1927 Huang was in the Soviet Union where he was a student at a Soviet military academy, a fact revealed in 1957 when he mentioned this in public when greeting Soviet leader K.E. Voroshilov, then on a state visit to China.2 Huang remarked that he had participated “30 years ago” in a parade that had been reviewed by Voroshilov. Upon his return to China, Huang worked in the peasant movement.
Career
In about 1932 he probably belonged to Hsu Hsiang-ch’ien s Fourth Front Army, which was forced out of the Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei (Oyiiwan) Border Region and sought refuge in north Szechwan that year (see under Chang Kuo-t’ao). Huang was a cadre with the 30th Army (a unit of the Fourth Front Army) during the Long March, when the Fourth Front Army and Mao Tse-tung’s forces were united in far western Szechwan in the summer of 1935. That summer Mao moved on to northwest China, but the Fourth Front Army did not follow him, moving westward instead into Sikang province. This “West Route” Army began to move north a year later, but suffered severe losses while crossing the Kansu corridor when it encountered the armies of Moslem warlords Ma Pu-ch’ing and Ma Pu-fang, which almost annihilated its troops. In the fighting that ensued the 30th Army troops, which were part of Chang Kuo-t’ao’s army, suffered especially heavy losses. Huang was among the survivors, said to number only about 1,000 men. He subsequently belonged to the “Left Column” of the “West Route” Army when this was reorganized in 1937 from the surviving marchers. At that time Chang Kuo-chien was heading the Political and Organization Departments of the 30th Army, and because Huang belonged to a “political work committee” in the “Left Column,” he probably worked under Chang’s supervision. This “Left Column” of Chang Kuo- t’ao’s original army made another march westward after the serious defeat in the Kansu corridor. In the spring of 1937 a small group led by Li Hsien-nien, Huang Huo-ch’ing and others reached Sinkiang where they made contact with Communists working there. These men later made their way to north Shensi to join forces with Mao Tse-tung. Presumably Huang spent the remainder of the war years in north China.
In the period after the end of hostilities in August 1945, Huang engaged in political work among the peasants and students. He emerged as an important official at the time the Communists captured Tientsin (January 15, 1949) when he became a member of the Tientsin Military Control Commission, which was chaired by Huang K’o-ch’eng. For the next nine years Huang made Tientsin his base of operations. He was occupied there in several fields, including the activities of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Association (SSFA), the Tientsin Government, the Tientsin branch of the Communist labor organization, and in the municipal Party committee where he did his most important work. Huang became a member of the First Executive Board of the SSFA when it was formed on a nationwide basis in October 1949, and in the same year he was named as a vicechairman of the Tientsin branch, holding this post until he was promoted to the chairmanship in 1953. In December 1954 Huang attended the Second National Conference of the SSFA, but he has not had any further connections with the association since that time.
While in Tientsin Huang devoted considerable time to the trade union movement. From 1950 to about 1955 he was head of the municipal branch of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU), and when the Federation established a North China Work Committee in April 1952, he became a member of its Standing Committee (a position he held until 1954 when the regional committees were abolished). Huang was also a member of the national ACFTU Executive Committee from 1953 to 1957. From 1950 to 1955 he was a member of the Tientsin Municipal People’s Government Council, remaining on the Council until January 1955 when he replaced Wu Te as the mayor. However, Huang’s major role in Tientsin was as a Party functionary. When Tientsin Party Secretary Huang Ching was transferred to Peking in August 1952, Huang Kuo-ch’ing became the acting secretary. In 1953 he became the ranking secretary (a position that was redesignated first secretary in 1956), thus making Huang the senior figure in both the Tientsin Government and the Party Committee until his transfer to Liaoning in 1958.
Politics
Huang did not belong to the national organization of the CPPCC during his years in Tientsin, but he did go to Peking to attend the important second and third sessions of the CPPCC National Committee, held in June 1950 and October-November 1951, respectively. Then, when the First Tientsin Committee of the CPPCC was established in March 1955, Huang became the chairman. As the Communists made preparations to establish a constitutional government in 1954, they organized election committees at the provincial and municipal levels throughout China in preparation for the First NPC, which opened in September 1954.
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Born
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Nationality
China -
Ethnicity
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Political Party
Chinese Communist Party
Education
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1927
Career
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1945
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1949
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1950 - 1955