Background
Isaac Hayes Israel was born on March 5, 1832, in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of Benjamin and Ann (Borton) Hayes, and a descendant of Henry Hayes of Fulwell, Oxfordshire, who settled in Chester County in 1705.
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
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(Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary...)
Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary thing about the past worth remembering, and that was the fact that it is past and can't be restored." Well, over recent years, The British Library, working with Microsoft has embarked on an ambitious programme to digitise its collection of 19th century books. There are now 65,000 titles available (that's an incredible 25 million pages) of material ranging from works by famous names such as Dickens, Trollope and Hardy as well as many forgotten literary gems , all of which can now be printed on demand and purchased right here on Amazon. Further information on The British Library and its digitisation programme can be found on The British Library website.
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(Despite the fact that his previous trip to the Arctic had...)
Despite the fact that his previous trip to the Arctic had left him gravely ill and with a permanently injured foot, the explorer and physician Isaac Israel Hayes (1832-81) immediately proclaimed his desire to return north. In 1869, aboard the steamer Panther, he was granted his wish. The trip was financed by the artist William Bradford (1823-92), who planned to use it as an opportunity to paint and photograph Greenland. First published in 1871, this account gives the reader the opportunity to survey the landscape, touching also on the history of polar exploration. It is illustrated with a number of engravings. Also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection are An Arctic Boat-Journey in the Autumn of 1854 (1860), Hayes's account of a gruelling episode during the ill-fated second Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, and The Open Polar Sea (1867).
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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Isaac Hayes Israel was born on March 5, 1832, in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of Benjamin and Ann (Borton) Hayes, and a descendant of Henry Hayes of Fulwell, Oxfordshire, who settled in Chester County in 1705.
Isaac was educated at Westtown Academy and the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the degree of M. D. in 1853.
In 1853 Isaac Hayes sailed in the Advance as surgeon to the second Arctic expedition of Elisha Kent Kane. From the winter quarters at Van Rensselaer Harbor, 78° 37' N. , 71° 14' W, Hayes explored the unknown coast of Ellesmere Land northwest of Cape Sabine. Leaving on May 20, 1854, he crossed Smith Sound to Dobbin Bay and traced the coast to Cape Frazer, 79° 43' N. , whence he was turned back by a broken sled and snow blindness - a notable journey, conditions considered. The Advance frozen in and a second winter before him, Kane granted permission for the dividing of his command. On August 28, 1854, Hayes with eight men started in a boat for the Danish outposts in Greenland, as related in his book, An Arctic Boat Journey (1860). The attempt was disastrous, and the party would have perished but for the food and transportation furnished by the Eskimo, which enabled the party to reach the Advance on December 12.
Returning home in 1855 with a mutilated foot, Hayes found that his extreme sufferings instead of abating increased his enthusiasm for arctic explorations. Through lectures and personal appeals to societies and individuals, he succeeded in organizing a new expedition, financed largely by the American Geographical Society and Henry Grinnell. With a crew of fourteen he sailed from Boston on July 9, 1860, in the schooner United States, planning to reach, via Smith Sound, the ice-free Arctic Ocean reported by Morton. At the Greenland ports he obtained furs, sleds, dogs, and Eskimo natives to serve as hunters and dog-drivers. Profiting by experience of his predecessor, he made his Winter quarters south of Kane Sea, and established his base in Foulke Fiord, near Littleton sland. Abundant game and friendly relations with the Etahs made his prospects unusually favorable.
The autumn began well, with a journey to the inland ice, to an elevation of 5, 000 feet. Later an epidemic killed all but nine dogs, and an Eskimo hunter strayed or deserted and died of starvation. More distressing was the death of the astronomer, August Sonntag, who perished in a journey with Hans Hendrik to obtain dogs from the natives near Cape York. Hayes was not deterred from his explorations by these misfortunes. He turned to the Etahs with excellent results as to comradeship and assistance in the way of dogs. On April 3, 1861, he started to navigate and determine the extent of the Arctic Ocean. Besides two dog-sledges, he carried on a man-drawn sled a metallic ice-boat for navigation. Ice conditions were so bad that after twenty-six days of most exhausting labor he recognized the failure of his main journey, and sent the main party back with the boat. Remaining, with three men and fourteen dogs, he decided to explore Grinnell Land. On May 11 he reached Cape Hawks, having made only eighty miles in thirty-one days. Accidents occurred, but Hayes struggled northward and reached his farthest on May 19. A single inaccurate observation placed him in 81° 35' N. , but reliable researches, agreeing with his sledge journal, make it evident that his farthest was Cape Joseph Goode, in 80° 14' N. In fact he was gazing on Kennedy Channel, where high spring tides and strong currents clear for days large spaces from its winter ice-covering.
Returning to Boston in October 1861 he learned of the outbreak of the Civil War, immediately offered his schooner to the government, and enlisted in the Union army as a surgeon. He was put in charge of the Satterlee Hospital at West Philadelphia and was successively promoted major and brevet colonel. At the close of the war he settled in New York City where he engaged in business and gave considerable time to lecturing and writing. His “Physical Observations in the Arctic Seas” appeared in Vol. XV (1865) of the Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Knowledge and his account of his adventures written for children was published under the title Cast Away in the Cold in 1868. His third voyage to the Arctic, in 1869, with William Bradford in the Panther, resulted in an accurate and lively sketch of Greenland, The Land of Desolation (1871; 1872). He attended the Iceland millennial celebration as correspondent for the New York Herald in 1874.
(Despite the fact that his previous trip to the Arctic had...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary...)
(Mark Twain once famously said "there was but one solitary...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
Hayes was elected as a Republican to the New York Assembly, where he served from 1876 until 1881. He was active in canal affairs and in the promotion of the Hudson River Tunnel.
Quotations: “There was no land visible except the coast upon which I stood. The sea beneath me was a mottled sheet of white and dark patches [which] receded until the belt of the water-sky blended them all together. . .. All the evidences showed that I stood upon the shores of the Polar Basin, and that the broad ocean lay at my feet. ”
Hayes was a member of the American Geographical Society.
Hayes never married.