Background
SHVARTS, Isaak was born on January 18, 1879 in Nikolayev.
SHVARTS, Isaak was born on January 18, 1879 in Nikolayev.
From age 13 apprentice in iron foundry, then foundryman at core plant in Nikolaycv. Twice arrested and exiled to Yakutsk Oblast. Fled from exile and went abroad.
Lived in Geneva, assigned to Party work by Lenin and returned to Russia. Helped found Yekaterinoslav Bolshevik Committee. 1905 arrested and exiled to Mezen’ in Arkhangel’sk Province.
On his way to exile freed under amnesty. Worked for a while in Yekaterinoslav, then went to Donbass. Arrested immediately on arrival in Lugansk and exiled to Tobol’sk Province, whence he fled to Urals.
Settled in Yekaterinburg. Helped restore Yekaterinburg Oblast Party Committee. 1907 helped prepare elections to 2nd State Duma.
1907 Ural Party Organization(s) delcg at 5th (London) Party Congress. 1908 visited Lenin in Kuokkala and commissioned to restore Party organizations in Urals. 1910 again fled from exile and went to Paris.
Attended Lenin’s Party school, training for further revol work in Russia. As a member of Foreign Organization(s) Commission, sent to Russia to restore Bolshevik organizations. August 1911 founded Russian Organization(s) Commission to convene Party general conference.
Directed Russian preparations for 6th (Prague) All-Russian Party Conference. October 1911 arrested in Saint St. Petersburg and exiled for life to Yeniseysk Province, where he remained until 1917 February Revol. In the course of his revol work arrested and exiled seven times.
Six times fled from exile. After 1917 February Revol did Party work in Odessa and Nikolayev, preparing for 7th (April) Party Conference. Then exec Party and government work in Ukraine.
1918 at 1st Congress of Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Ukraine elected member, Central Committee, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Ukraine. 1919-1920 chairman, All-Ukraine Extraordinary Commission Against Counterrevolution, Sabotage and Speculation. Then Labor and Defense Council plenipotentiary in Odessa and Nikolayev.
Helped restore Donbass. At 1 1th and 12th Party Congresses elected member, Centr Control Commission. At 13th—17 th Party Congresses elected member, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
From 1921 chairman, Central Committee, Miners’ Union. Plenary member, All-Russian Centr Trade-Union Council. From 1925 Presidium member, All-Russian Centr Trade-Union Council.
From 1930 economics admin work. Chairman. Coal Union. Then mang, All-Union Shale Trust.
1938-1951 founder-head, All-Union Research Laboratory for Dispersive Drugs.
Religion is bad because it doesn't give equal treatment to women and thus offends basic human rights.
Communist party could initiate policies in the name of the society because it knows what the best is for its progress and development.
Communist Party member from 1899.