Israel Isserlein was a Talmudist, and Halakhist, best known for his Terumat HaDeshen, which served as one source for HaMapah, the component of the Shulkhan Arukh by Moses Isserles.
Background
Isserlein was born in 1390 in Maribor, Slovenia, the son of R. Petachia of Maribor. His grandfather Rabbi Chaim, named Henschel of Hainburg or Hetschlein of Herzogenburg was well-versed in Jewish learning, which held especially for Isserlein's great-grandfather R. Israel of Krems. R. Shalom of Neustadt was related to him.
Education
Isserlein studied in Vienna and in Eger and probably also in Italy.
Career
Isserlein returned to Maribor, where he started to serve as a rabbi and already in 1425 his correspondence and socializing with other scholars of his age is attested. His authority also included ordination of other rabbis. Responsa of rabbis Israel Bruna, Moses Mintz and Jacob Moelin or Maharil of Mainz quotes Isserlein with great respect. From an unknown reason he moved to Neustadt, where he is attested in 1445, even though due to the fact that he frequently traveled between Maribor and Neustadt, we can assume that he actually took residence in Neustadt around 1450. He dealt with money-lending only marginally and with small sums of money. In Neustadt, as before in Maribor, he started to run a yeshiva until 1460, when he died. Because of his activities he is also named R. Israel Marpurk and R. Israel of Noyshtat. On many occasion he signed as 'The small one and the young one in Israel' (Ha-katan ve-ha-tzair she-be-Israel). He is considered as an ideal type of medieval rabbi, who demanded from the community and its members a strict observance of ritual laws, social justice and fairness in business and commerce. He was prone to mysticism, studied kabalistic works and accepted some kabbalistic customs as his own, even though he was also acquainted with the contemporary Christian scientific literature. He often served as an arbitrator between different communities and his decision was considered final. With the appearance of press and the codification of halachah his responsa was included into numerous collections, the most prominent being Shulchan Aruch. His works include: Trumat ha-Deshen, 354 responses, he edited by himself, and Psakim u-Chtavim, 267 responses, edited by his pupils after his death (Both printed in Venice already in 1519), Beurim, commentaries on Rashi's Commentary on Torah, 36 Shearim (36 Gates), laws on Kashrut, and Seder Gitin, a handbook for divorces.