Born in Lankaran to a wealthy noble family (from her maternal side, she was the niece of general Samad bey Mehmandarov), Talyshinskaya first studied at Maryam Bayramalibeyova"s Uns School for Girls and moved to Baku at the age of nine to attend the Azerbaijani Girls Seminary.
Her exceptional ear for music and voice was quickly gaining her fame as an amateur mugham singer and in 1934, she became a soloist at the Azerbaijan Philharmonic Society. She travelled to Azerbaijan"s remote rural regions to collect samples of folk music, many of which would later be performed publicly for the first time. By 1936 she had given concerts in Moscow, Saint St. Petersburg and Kiev, and had released a gramophone record.
Despite being recognized as an Honoured Artist of Azerbaijan in 1940, Talyshinskaya and her fourteen-year-old son Nazim were eventually exiled to Petropavlovlsk, Kazakhstan as "enemies of the people" in 1942.
She was later permitted to settle in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where she managed to continue her career at the local philharmonic society. Following his approval, she left Tashkent for Tbilisi, Georgia to perform at the Tbilisi Azeri Drama Theatre, and later (at the insistence of director Shamsi Badalbeyli) at the Azerbaijan Musical Comedy Theatre, where she proved to be an outstanding comedy actress.
In 1949, her case was revoked and she was exiled to Central Asia for the second time. They immediately returned to Baku where Jahan Talyshinskaya died a year later of heart failure, while playing the piano.
