Career
James Anderson served through the American War of Independence as a midshipman, and after the end of the war, joined the colonial service in the West Indies. He was promoted to commander in 1806, and spent some years as agent of transports, after which he commanded the brig-sloop HMS Rinaldo, operating in the English Channel against privateers. He became the senior officer on the coast between Calais and Boulogne in 1811, until being promoted to post-captain in 1812.
In August 1814 Anderson was appointed to the 74-gun HMS Zealous, and sent out with stores to Quebec, where he was ordered to dismantle the rigging and remove her guns, sending them on to the forces on the Great Lakes.
He was then to winter at Quebec. The ship was old and rotten, badly manned, and inadequately equipped.
And Captain Anderson, judging that it was impossible to stay at Quebec without sacrificing the ship, returned to England. On the charge of this action being contrary to his orders, he was tried by court martial.
Lord Melville, then First Lord of the Admiralty, criticised Anderson"s decision, telling him that "If Canada fall, it will be entirely owing to your not wintering the Zealous at Quebec".
To which Anderson replied: "I rather think it will be in consequence of proper supplies, in proper ships, not having been sent out there at a proper season of the year". Naval historian John Knox Laughton read into Melville"s response the intention to sacrifice Zealous in order to provide an excuse should British forces in Canada suffer a defeat, and was not pleased with Anderson"s thwarting his plan. Anderson was acquitted of the charges at the court martial, but due to the drawdown of the navy in 1815 after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, he did not serve again at sea.
