Background
James Roosevelt Bayley was born on August 23, 1814, at Rye, New York, the son of Guy Carleton and Grace (Roosevelt) Bayley. He was the grandson of James Roosevelt, a prominent New York merchant. His paternal grandfather was Dr. Richard Bayley, professor of anatomy and surgery at Columbia College, New York (1792 - 1801). He was the nephew of Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, who founded the Daughters of Charity in the United States (1809).
Education
Owing to the high position in medical science held by his father and grandfather, James first thought of becoming a physician; but after finishing his secondary studies at Amherst College, he entered Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, to prepare for the Episcopal ministry. Later James became Catholic and entered the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Paris in 1842.
Career
After his ordination in 1835, James Bayley was made rector of St. Peter's Church, Harlem, New York. Theological controversy in the Anglican communion over the Tractarian Movement was then reaching a climax; and when Newman's Tract 90 appeared (February 1841), Bayley decided to give up the ministry in order to go abroad for the purpose of studying the claims of Catholicism. He became a Catholic in Rome on April 28, 1842. He then entered the Seminary of St. Sulpice, Paris, to study for the priesthood. He was recalled by Bishop Hughes of New York and ordained on March 2, 1844. His first post was that of vice-president of St. John's College, Fordham, then the diocesan seminary. Four years later, he became secretary to Bishop Hughes, and on October 30, 1853, was consecrated bishop of the newly created Diocese of Newark, New Jersey, by Archbishop Bedini, Papal nuncio to Brazil.
During his years as secretary to Bishop Hughes (1848 - 53), Bayley became interested in American Church history. In 1847, Dr. De la Hailandière, who succeeded Bishop Bruté of Vincennes (1834), gave to Bishop Hughes of New York a large collection of original letters and documents on early American Catholic history. These Bayley used for his first volume, A Brief Sketch of the Early History of the Catholic Church on the Island of New York (1853, 1874). Out of this valuable material he also published Memoirs of the Rt. Rev. Simon William Gabriel Bruté, First Bishop of Vincennes (1855, 1876). At the death of Archbishop Spalding of Baltimore, he was promoted to that archepiscopal see (July 30, 1872). Owing to increasing ill health, he asked for a coadjutor and Bishop James Gibbons of Richmond was appointed (May 20, 1877).
Bayley was not a profound scholar, though he read widely, especially in the field of Church history. His busy life of administration left him little leisure for prolonged study. A thorough New Yorker, quick, alert, resourceful, and a born leader, he went to Baltimore after thirty years of an uncommonly active life in the North, unfortunately at a time when his energies began to wane. The Roosevelt in him found his Southern flock, priests and people, of a nature different from that of the North and less responsive to his enthusiasm for efficient Church government. Once he had secured the coadjutorship of the future Cardinal Gibbons (1877), his heart naturally turned to his old home in Newark, and here death overtook him. He was buried by his own request at the side of his aunt, Mother Seton, at St. Joseph's Convent, Emmitsburg, Maryland.
Personality
Bayley's English and Dutch colonial ancestry and his New England training produced in him one of the charming personalities of his day. His bearing was princely, his manner most courteous, but what attracted most in him was a frankness of speech that accentuated his influence far beyond his own communion.