Preliminary List Of Subject Subdivisions: (a) Under Names Of Countries Or States...
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Preliminary List Of Subject Subdivisions: (a) Under Names Of Countries Or States; (b) Under Cities; (c) Under General Subjects
Library of Congress. Catalog Division, James Christian Meinich Hanson
Govt. print. off., 1910
Language Arts & Disciplines; Library & Information Science; Cataloging; Classification, Library of Congress; Language Arts & Disciplines / Library & Information Science; Subject cataloging; Subject headings
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The Anglo-american Agreement On Cataloging Rules And Its Bearing On International Cooperation In Cataloging Of Books
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Preliminary List of Subject Subdivisions: (A) Under Names of Countries Or States; (B) Under Cities; (C) Under General Subjects
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
James Christian Meinich Hanson was a Norwegian-born American librarian. He served as head of the cataloging department at the University of Wisconsin, Madison Library, and was named chief of the cataloging division of the Library of Congress in 1897.
Background
James Christian Meinich Hanson was born on March 13, 1864 in the Nordre Aurdal district in Oppland, Norway. He was the second son and sixth of eight children of Gunnerius (or Gunnar) and Eleonore Adamine (Roberg) Hansen. His first name was originally Jens, but in America his playmates called him Jim, which was formalized as James, a change that he afterward regretted. The change in the spelling of his surname was gradual and inconsistent, but by 1897 he had adopted the invariable signature "J. C. M. Hanson. "
Hanson's father was a government official and a landowner, but the family was large and economic prospects in Norway poor.
Education
When Han Roberg, a half brother of Hanson's mother, who had settled in Decorah, Iowa, offered an education to one of the boys, nine-year-old Jens was chosen. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College in Decorah in 1882. Two years at Concordia Seminary (Lutheran) in St. Louis, Missouri, followed, but Hanson was not drawn to the ministry. Instead he moved to Chicago, where for four years he taught at a parochial school and an evening school for adult immigrants.
In 1888 he enrolled as a graduate student in history at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Lack of money forced him to drop out after two years, and in 1890 he joined the staff of the recently organized Newberry Library in Chicago. Here he received basic training in librarianship under William Frederick Poole and his distinguished staff.
Career
In 1893 Hanson became head cataloguer at the University of Wisconsin Library. Three years later, in September 1897, Hanson was called to the Library of Congress in Washington, as chief of its catalogue division.
The library was about to move into its new building. Its catalogues were incomplete and not always accurate; the existing classification scheme was badly outgrown. Hanson undertook a complete bibliographic reorganization. This monumental task, begun during the brief administration of John Russell Young as Librarian of Congress and completed under his successor, Herbert Putnam, involved the devising of a new classification system for the library's 800, 000 volumes and the creation of a new catalogue. Hanson always credited Charles Martel, his assistant and successor, as the "chief architect" of the new classification, but the conception and the notation chosen were Hanson's.
The new catalogue he decided to construct in card (rather than book) form; the size he chose for the cards has since become standard in libraries all over the world. The catalogue was to be arranged on the dictionary principle (specific entries in a single alphabetical sequence). In applying this principle to a collection of such unprecedented size and complexity, however, Hanson developed many expansions which became incorporated into the cataloguing rules. In the subject component of the catalogue, he introduced major modifications of the dictionary principle that are still evident in the widely used list of Library of Congress subject headings.
When Herbert Putnam inaugurated the practice of printing and distributing copies of Library of Congress catalogue cards to other libraries, it was Hanson who planned their content and format to make them of maximum usefulness. The unprecedented standardization in cataloguing made possible by the availability of these cards virtually revolutionized the bibliographical organization of American libraries.
Hanson also provided vital leadership in the working out of a uniform code for library cataloguing. In 1900 the American Library Association set up a committee for this purpose, with Hanson as chairman. Through extensive correspondence and discussion with other librarians he was successful in reconciling widely diverse views. In 1904, when the code was nearly complete, the committee was authorized to negotiate a joint code with the Library Association of Great Britain.
Hanson's diplomacy, together with his wide knowledge of European as well as American library practices, brought agreement on an Anglo-American cataloguing code, published in 1908 as Catalog Rules, Author and Title Entries.
In 1910 Hanson moved to the University of Chicago as associate director of its libraries, which he reorganized to achieve bibliographical control in a highly decentralized system. When the Graduate Library School was established at the University of Chicago in 1928, he became a professor there. That same year he went to Italy, where he headed the team of American experts who assisted in the reorganization of the Vatican Library in Rome. After his return to Chicago, he taught until his retirement in 1934, when he went to live at his former summer home at Sister Bay, Wisconsin.
Hanson died at Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1943 of peritonitis from a perforated duodenal ulcer. He was buried in the Lutheran cemetery at Ellison Bay, Wisconsin.
Achievements
James Christian Meinich Hanson has arguably had the most significant and lasting impact on the library profession among Luther College alumni who have become professional librarians. As a Norwegian-American and Luther College alumnus of both the preparatory school and the college, his background closely reflects the heritage and traditions of the College. His professional life has been well documented in numerous sources.
Among the honors that came to him was appointment by the Crown of Norway as Commander of the Order of St. Olav, in 1928.
On June 3, 1931, he received the honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Luther College, also in recognition of his career accomplishments.
Hanson's professional memberships included the American Library Association, the Bibliographical Society of America, Kappa Sigma, and the Norske, Quadrangle and University clubs.
Personality
Hanson has been described as a "blond giant. " His scholarship and erudition, including facility in sixteen languages, and the "bedrock" integrity of his character inspired respect; his kindliness, modesty, and generous spirit evoked the affection of his colleagues and students.
His athletic prowess, particularly in baseball, was somewhat unusual for a librarian.
Connections
On November 26, 1892, Hanson married Sarah Nelson, who was his pupil during his early years of teaching in Chicago. They had five children.
