Background
James Hartness was born on September 3, 1861 in Schenectady, New York, United States. He was the third of five sons of John Williams and Ursilla (Jackson) Hartness. His family moved to Cleveland when he was two years old.
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This book is an attempt to set forth some of the most essential principles of industrial economics. Special emphasis is laid on the proper use of the human being, especially as regards modes of emplojonent of mind and body. Particular attention is given to those modes of use that are the most favorable to the comfort and success, not only of the man in the office or works, but to the success of the organization, or industry, or nation. Emphasis is also given to the value of habit, both as a present means and as one by which progress can most easily be made. In reaching the conclusion of any book touching subjects so varied as this, there is a feeling of the incompleteness of the treatment. This must always be so. (Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, Folklore and Mythology. Forgotten Books' Classic Reprint Series utilizes the latest technology to regenerate facsimiles of historically important writings. Careful attention has been made to accurately preserve the original format of each page whilst digitally enhancing the aged text. Read books online for free at www.forgottenbooks.org
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engineer entrepreneur inventor
James Hartness was born on September 3, 1861 in Schenectady, New York, United States. He was the third of five sons of John Williams and Ursilla (Jackson) Hartness. His family moved to Cleveland when he was two years old.
Hartness went to the Cleveland public schools until he was sixteen, then he began learning his trade at forty-five cents a day in a shop in which his father worked.
By the time Hartness was nineteen he was a skilled toolmaker. In 1882 he secured a position as foreman in a shop at Winsted, Connecticut, where he remained three years. The next four years he spent in Torrington, Connecticut, as foreman and designer for the Union Hardware Company. During these years he was gradually developing the design of the flat-turret lathe. He spent the winter of 1888 moving from one shop to another, apparently seeking an advantageous place to build his new lathe.
In March 1889 he went to Springfield, Vermont, as superintendent of the Jones & Lamson Machine Company, an old firm started sixty years before in the nearby town of Windsor. It had originated the hand-operated turret lathe and had an excellent name, but competition had affected it badly and it was very nearly moribund. He remained with this firm, first as superintendent until 1890, then as manager until 1900, and finally president until his retirement shortly before his death.
Hartness instituted a radical change in policy of the Jones & Lamson Company. The old scattered lines of tools were curtailed, and the energies of the concern were centered on one size of the new flat-turret design and the small tools for it. The sales policies were also changed, and under Hartness's leadership the company prospered and rapidly acquired worldwide recognition.
He was a member and a delegate of the commission which represented the United States at the Inter-Allied Aircraft Standardization Conference at London and Paris during the First World War and was vice-chairman of the national Screw Thread Standardization Committee. In this work on screw threads Hartness recognized a serious limitation in the methods of gauging the threads. The existing gauges indicated whether or not a given thread was acceptable but did not show wherein it was at fault. The comparator which he developed to meet this problem throws a magnified silhouette of the thread on a screen in such a way as to show just how a thread fails to conform to standard. This optical method of gauging has been found useful in many fields other than thread gauging.
He was the author of technical papers and of several books, one of which, The Human Factor in Works Management (1912), was widely read and translated abroad.
Hartness' interests also extended to public affairs. He served as federal food administrator for Vermont in 1917 and for six years, 1915-1921, was chairman of the state board of education. This latter position gave him a wide acquaintance in the state and led to his candidacy for the governorship.
Hartness was a one-term governor of Vermont, elected in 1920 and serving from 1921 to 1923. He campaigned on the issue of enticing Vermonters to stay in state rather than seek employment elsewhere. He also promised an improved transportation system and more manufacturing to supplement the traditional agricultural economy. He won the election by a wider margin in the state than Warren Harding, who carried Vermont in the presidential race that year.
Although he was handicapped by a lack of political experience, he served the state well (1921-1923) and in the face of strong opposition from the state machine made appointments to office on the basis of efficiency rather than political preferment.
He also was interested in astonomy and devised and built a new type of telescope mounting, in which he applied his flat-turret principle to the telescope in such a way as to permit observations in a cold climate without exposing the observer to winter temperatures. This unique telescope, mounted on the lawn in front of his house, was an object of wide interest to astronomers.
In 1925 he underwent three serious operations, and thereafter he was in frail health until his death in 1934.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This book is an attempt to set forth some of the most ess...)
(Industrial Progress and Human Economics is presented here...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Hartness was a member of the Republican Party.
Hartness was an active member of the following engineering, scientific, and arts societies: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which elected him president in Fall 1913 to serve the 1914-1915 term; American Engineering Council, which elected him president in 1924 to serve the following two-year termSociety of Automotive Engineers; British Institution of Mechanical Engineers; American Association for the Advancement of Science; British Royal Aeronautical Society; American Astronomical Society; British Royal Astronomical Society; British Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts; Aero Club of America; and Aero Club of Vermont.
Hartness was a slender, never robust, person. He was irritated by interruptions in his work and built for himself a series of rooms underground where he could work undisturbed.
Quotes from others about the person
"His tools were better designed, better built, more accurate, simpler, and had greater power and usefulness than the machines they superseded. He was a leader in making high accuracy possible in mass production, and a pioneer in entirely new methods of gauging. "
On May 13, 1885, Hartness married Lena Sanford Pond at Winsted, Connecticut. She died in 1933. They had two daughters, Anna Jackson and Helen Edith, both of whom survived their parents.