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Porter James McCumber was born on February 3, 1858 in Crete, Will County, Illinois. He was the youngest of a family of seven daughters and three sons. His father, Orlin McCumber, of Scottish-American ancestry, and his mother, Anne Fuller McCumber, of English extraction, moved from Illinois to a farm seven miles southwest of Rochester, Minn. , the same year in which Porter was born. They settled on land later occupied by the well-known Mayo clinic.
Porter attended the common schools of the county and the high school at Rochester, taught school for a few years, and was graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan in 1880. He was admitted to the bar and began practice at Wahpeton, in what is now North Dakota, in 1881.
In 1882 he formed a partnership with B. L. Bogart. In 1884 he was elected to the lower house of the territorial legislature, and in 1886 he was elected to the upper house. For one term, 1889-91, he was state's attorney for Richland County. He was elected to the United States Senate by the North Dakota legislature in 1899, reelected in 1905, 1911, and 1916, and served continuously from March 4, 1899, to March 3, 1923. Defeated for the renomination in the North Dakota primary in 1922, he resumed the practice of law in Washington, D. C. In 1925 he was appointed by President Coolidge a member of the International Joint Commission, "created by treaty to pass upon all cases involving the use of the boundary waters between the United States and Canada, " and served in that capacity until his death in 1933. McCumber was not a man of great prominence when he was elected United States senator. His legislative service had been limited, but as state's attorney for Richland County he had gained a reputation for strict enforcement of North Dakota's prohibition law. In 1899 the Republicans were divided into two factions, with the Democrats a third group, each with its particular candidate. Finally after much balloting, the Republicans "compromised" on McCumber, only after they were assured that he was an able lawyer who would do credit to North Dakota in Congress. His reelection in 1904 came at the end of a hotly contested campaign, and in 1910 he won by only a narrow margin in the primary. In 1916, although he was not a member of the Non-Partisan League, he received most of the League vote. In 1922 he was again a candidate for renomination in the Republican primary, but he had lost the support of a group of conservative Republicans by forcing the appointment of a federal district judge against the wishes of the Independent Voters' Association. The Non-Partisan vote went to Lynn Joseph Frazier, who was nominated by a majority of 10, 000. In the following November election Frazier defeated his Democratic opponent, being supported by McCumber because "he bore the Republican stamp. " He wrote articles, made speeches, and eventually secured the passage of the national Food and Drugs Act. As chairman of the Senate committee on pensions he effected legislation favorable to veterans of the Civil War. He died following a stroke and was buried in Arlington County, Va.
By 1922 McCumber had become one of the leaders of the Senate and was by seniority the chairman of one of the most powerful committees, that of finance. Thus he became a sponsor of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act. In view of his prominence in the Senate, his defeat in the North Dakota primary in 1922 was greeted with surprise. Some papers sought an explanation in his support of this tariff, in his support of the Esch-Cummins Act, in his vote to seat Senator Newberry, but the evidence is clear that these national issues had very little or nothing to do with his failure to be renominated.
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McCumber had probably become engrossed in national politics in Washington to the extent that he had lost touch with the local political situation in North Dakota.
In the Senate McCumber was "a driving and dynamic force, a hard worker, an omnivorous reader, a close student and a clear thinker. Not an orator, he spoke in a slow, deliberate manner; never spectacular, he drove home his points with powerful logic; never nebulous, he argued in a straight line and with convincing clarity". His chief interests were pure-food legislation, pensions, Indian affairs, and the tariff.
McCumber was married, on May 29, 1889, to Jennie Schorning, a native of Minnesota; to them were born two children, a daughter, Helen, and a son, Donald.
