Background
James Mooney was the son of James and Ellin (Devlin) Mooney. He was born on February 10, 1861, at Richmond, Indiana.
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James Mooney was the son of James and Ellin (Devlin) Mooney. He was born on February 10, 1861, at Richmond, Indiana.
Mooney began his education in the common schools and later taught two terms. He was strongly interested in Indians, reading everything available on the subject, but his interest did not lead to any apparent avenue of support and he entered the office of the Richmond Palladium, where he worked both as a compositor and in an editorial capacity.
After Mooney had saved a little money, he journeyed to Washington with a secret intent of going to Brazil to study the Indians of that country. In Washington, he met Maj. J. W. Powell in 1885, and through him, Mooney found an outlet for his enthusiasm in the Bureau of American Ethnology, where he remained for the rest of his life. His early Indian studies had taken the form of a list of tribes amounting to 3, 000 entries, and this came into use as material for the Handbook of American Indians, in the preparation of which he took an active part. In North Carolina, he studied the language, folklore, mythology, and material culture of the Cherokees. At a fortunate juncture, he discovered an ancient Cherokee ritual written in the Cherokee script. About 1890 the last ebullition of Indian race-consciousness took place with the outbreak of the Ghost Dance an endeavor to rehabilitate the Indian to his former status and this phase of Indian life Mooney studied exhaustively. Some of his best years were spent in the investigation of the Kiowa, and at the time of his death, he was engrossed with a large work on Kiowa heraldry. He also investigated the seemingly anomalous presence of Siouan language tribes on the borders of the Virginia Algonquians and his research went far to clear up the history of the migrations of this great stock.
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Quotations:
"Among the southern tribes, on the contrary, hats were sometimes worn in the dance, although this was not considered in strict accordance with the doctrine. "
"At intervals between the songs, more especially after the trances have begun, the dancers unclasp hands and sit down to smoke or talk for a few minutes. "
"When all is ready, the leaders walk out to the dance place. "
"Facing inward, join hands so as to form a small circle. Then, without moving from their places they sing the opening song, according to previous agreement, in a soft undertone. "
"The dance commonly begins about the middle of the afternoon or later, after sundown. When it begins in the afternoon, there is always an intermission of an hour or two for supper. The preliminary painting and dressing is usually the work of about two hours. "
Of medium height, with gray eyes and dark hair, Mooney was a true Irish type. Mooney's parents had come from Meath, Ireland, and he was deeply ingrained with Irish lore. One of his first papers was "The Funeral Customs of Ireland". His scientific writing was mostly confined to large, thoroughly prepared monographs. A particularly lucid style characterized his writing.
He threw his whole energy into all matters looking toward the advancement of his science. His own work was never subject to adverse criticism and his faculty of getting along with the Indians whom he studied was phenomenal.
In 1897, Mooney married Ione Lee Gaut of Tennessee, who accompanied him on his journeys on the Western frontier.