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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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James Croxall Palmer was an American naval surgeon.
Background
James Croxall Palmer was born on June 29, 1811 in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. He was one of four sons of Edward Palmer, Baltimore merchant and commissioner of insolvency, and Catherine (Croxall) Palmer. He was a grandson of John and Mary (Preston) Palmer and James and Eleanor (Gittings) Croxall, all of Maryland, and a descendant of Edward Palmer, an Oxford scholar and relative of Sir Thomas Overbury, who secured a grant of Palmer's Island at the mouth of the Susquehanna in 1622 and projected there a college and school of arts.
Education
James Croxall Palmer graduated from Dickinson College in 1829 and was able to complete the medical course at the University of Maryland in 1833, although he received his diploma with the class of 1834.
Career
On March 1834, James Croxall Palmer was commissioned assistant surgeon in the navy, standing first among the candidates then appointed. His initial service was in the Brandywine of the Pacific Squadron and then in the Vincennes on a cruise around the world. After duty at the Baltimore naval rendezvous, he was in the Wilkes exploring expedition, 1838 - 1842, first in the storeship Relief and later in the Peacock, being in the wreck of the latter at the mouth of the Columbia River, and subsequently in charge of the shore party at Astoria. The product of this cruise was a small volume of poems, Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843), republished in 1868 as Antarctic Mariner's Song, descriptive of the author's experiences in the south polar seas. In 1842 he was promoted to surgeon, and was in charge of the hospital at the Washington Navy Yard when the wounded from the Princeton explosion were brought there. He was in the St. Mary's in the Gulf during the Mexican War; in the Vandalia of the Pacific Squadron, 1850 - 1853, and after service in the receiving ship Baltimore, in the steam frigate Niagara, 1857, when she was employed in laying the first Atlantic cable.
After two years on the Mediterranean in the Macedonian, he was in charge of the medical service of the Naval Academy, then located at Newport, Rhode Island, during the first two years of the Civil War, and from 1863 to 1865 he was fleet surgeon of the West Gulf Blockading Squadron under Farragut. In the battle of Mobile Bay, after the passing of the forts, Palmer, who was using the admiral's launch Loyall to visit the wounded in the fleet, was requested to carry orders to the scattered monitors to attack the Tennessee, and executed this hazardous duty, in Farragut's words, "with cheerfulness and alacrity". After the battle he went aboard the surrendered Tennessee, where he was chiefly instrumental in saving Admiral Franklin Buchanan from the amputation of a shattered leg. Through Palmer's efforts at this time an agreement was reached by which naval surgeons were not to be treated as prisoners of war. He was in charge of the naval hospital at Brooklyn, 1866 - 1869, was promoted to medical director March 3, 1871. He was a surgeon general of the navy from June 1872 until his retirement in June 1873. His death, from a complication of malaria and other diseases contracted during the Civil War, occurred ten years later at Washington, D. C. He died on April 24, 1883.
Achievements
James Croxall Palmer gained a good reputation as a surgeon. He was on hand and in charge of the wounded from the famous explosion aboard the USS Princeton (1844). He was also a surgeon general of the navy (1872 - 1873).
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Personality
James Croxall Palmer's contemporaries regarded him as an attractive and scholarly man, of notable gifts as a writer, skilled in his profession, and faithful to every obligation during nearly fifty years in the naval service.
Connections
On May 22, 1837, James Croxall Palmer was married to Juliet Gittings, daughter of James Gittings of Long Green, Maryland. They had two children.
