Oration delivered on the third anniversary of the South Carolina historical society, at Hibernian hall, in Charleston, on Thursday evening, May 27, 1858
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Life, Letters And Speeches Of James Louis Petigru, The Union Man Of South Carolina
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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James Louis Petigru was an American lawyer and political leader.
Background
He was born on May 10, 1789 in Abbeville District, South Carolina, United States. He was the son of William Pettigrew, a native of Virginia, and Louise Guy Gilbert, the daughter of a Huguenot minister. He bore the names of his two grandfathers: James Pettigrew, who came to Pennsylvania in 1740 from County Tyrone, Ireland, and moved successively to Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina; and Jean Louis Gibert, who brought a party of Huguenots to South Carolina in 1763.
Education
In 1804 he entered the famous school of Dr. Moses Waddell at Willington, and two years later South Carolina College, where, supporting himself by teaching in Columbia, he finished the course and received the A. B. degree in 1809.
Career
Since the family was large and means were small, he worked from childhood. He taught in St. Luke's Parish and at Beaufort, studying law the while, and was admitted to the bar in 1812.
In 1812 he served for a short while in the militia. Settling at Coosawhatchie, in 1816 he was elected solicitor. In 1819 James Hamilton, Jr. offered him an attractive partnership and he moved to Charleston, where he spent the rest of his life. Rapidly gaining reputation, in 1822 he was elected attorney general, a post much to his liking which he unwillingly resigned in 1830 to become a Union candidate for the state Senate. He was defeated, but within a few weeks was elected to fill a vacancy in the lower house.
He disliked politics but felt compelled to participate in such a crisis, and, making many speeches, writing numerous newspaper articles, and contributing much wise counsel, found himself in 1832 the leader of the Union party. He wrote the address to the people issued by the Union convention in September and the protest against the nullification ordinance in December. In the period which followed, he won the decision from the court of appeals which declared it unconstitutional. During the resulting bitter struggle, he and Hamilton, by cooperation, prevented any collision between their excited followers and finally effected a satisfactory compromise.
From the close of the nullification controversy to the end of his life Petigru held no office, save for two years that of United States district attorney, which he accepted as a matter of duty at the earnest request of President Fillmore when no one could be induced to do so. In 1859 he was elected code commissioner and by annual election retained the position until the completion of the work in 1863.
During the war his home in Charleston was lost by fire and a house on Sullivan's Island was destroyed in the erection of fortifications. Lincoln seriously considered appointing him to the Supreme Court to replace Justice McLean or Justice Campbell but the difficulties in the way, combined with Petigru's age, dissuaded him.
He died in 1863.
Achievements
James Louis Petigru is famous as the Attorney General of South Carolina, because his juridical work played a key role in the recodification of the state's law code. A superb advocate, he was the undisputed head of the state bar for nearly forty years. He was also known for opposing nullification and, in 1860, state secession. Petigru was known and admired all over the country.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
Politics
Politically, he was perhaps more sympathetic with free-soil ideas than his associates. He was an intense Federalist, opposed the war. A thorough-going nationalist, he also was an intense opponent of nullification, for which he could find no justification in law, logic, or morals. He did not like the institution of slavery, he was no abolitionist and owned slaves and approved of the domestic side of slavery.
Views
Quotations:
Petigru famously remarked, "South Carolina is too small for a republic and too large for an insane asylum. "
Personality
Having a passion for mercy combined with his love of justice, he was ready in defence of the slave, the poor white, or the free negro who sought his aid. His manner was hearty, even inclined to be hilarious, but scrupulously courteous. He wrote well and had an unusual voice, capable of expressing every shade of feeling, that made him a really great speaker. In the heart of bitter controversy he retained the respect and the affection of his opponents, and the lasting quality of his fame is evidence of the dynamic character of his personality. He displayed profound legal learning and deductive reasoning.
Quotes from others about the person
Petigru's was called in his times "the greatest private citizen that South Carolina has ever produced". An admirer thus describes it: "He never occupied high public station, and yet he was a statesman. He never held judicial positions, and yet he was a great jurist. He never wrote books, and yet his life itself is a volume to be studied. He never founded a charity, and yet he was a great-hearted philanthropist". He "turnpiked the legal pathway out of the most complicated labyrinth of law and fact".
Connections
On August 17, he married Jane Amelia Postell, the daughter of a nearby planter. Together they had four children.