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He was born on July 4, 1828 at the family estate, "Bonarva, " Lake Scuppernong, Tyrrell County, North Carolina, United States, the son of Ebenezer and Ann B. (Shepard) Pettigrew. He was the great-grandson of James Pettigrew who emigrated to America in 1740, and the grandson of Charles Pettigrew, the first bishop-elect of the Episcopal Church in North Carolina. His mother died when he was two years old.
He often missed periods of schooling on account of ill health, but he rendered such a brilliant account of himself scholastically under the tutelage of William James Bingham of Hillsboro, North Carolina, that he was ready to enter the University of North Carolina at the age of fifteen. In his four years at the university he showed exceptional talent and was graduated in 1847.
In 1847 he was awarded by President Polk an assistant professorship at the Naval Observatory in Washington. He relinquished this position after two years and commenced the study of law, first in Baltimore, then in Charleston, South Carolina, where he was associated with his father's cousin, James Louis Petigru. He took a long European tour in 1850 with the particular object of studying Roman law in Germany for two years. He then resumed the practice of law in Charleston.
He was elected to the General Assembly in 1856 and rapidly became an outstanding figure in the controversy over the slave trade. His minority report against a resumption of the traffic reads today as a thoughtful, well-balanced document. In 1861 he published a book, Notes on Spain and the Spaniards, based on his observations of manners and customs in that country.
Prior to the Civil War he was colonel of the 1th Regiment of Rifles of Charleston, and when Major Anderson immured himself within Fort Sumter, Pettigrew took over Castle Pinckney and later fortified Morris Island. When his own regiment was not able to enter the army of the Confederate states upon its own terms, he went to Richmond and enlisted in Hampton's Legion.
After the secession of North Carolina in May 1861, he was elected colonel of the 12th Regiment. He first saw service at Evansport, Virginia, where his regiment was engaged in blocking the Potomac. His services were so conspicuous that President Davis himself wanted to make him a brigadier-general, but he refused on the grounds that he had never led troops in action. His officers and friends, however, persuaded him to accept later, and he served under Johnston throughout the Peninsular Campaign, was severely wounded at Seven Pines, bayonetted, and captured. In two months' time he was exchanged, whereupon he took command of the defenses of Petersburg.
In the spring of 1863 he displayed at Blount's Creek his capacity for independent command, and his brigade formed part of the division of Henry Heth at Gettysburg. After Heth was wounded on the first day of the battle, Pettigrew took over the command of the division, and directed an advance on the left of Pickett in the famous charge. He was again wounded at the head of his troops near the Stone Wall, but was able to display conspicuous ability as a rear-guard commander during the retreat.
On the night of July 14, he was wounded by a small raiding party of Federal cavalry. He died three days later.
James Johnston Pettigrew served with distinction in American Civil War and in the result was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General. He was well-known as one of three division commanders in the disastrous assault known as Pickett's Charge. In World War II, the United States liberty ship SS James J. Pettigrew was named in his honor.
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Quotes from others about the person
His death also affected Lee who remarked, "The army has lost a brave soldier and the Confederacy an accomplished officer. "
There is no information about his education.
