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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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He was born on September 8, 1811 in Calais, Maine, United States, the son of William and Hannah (Shepherd) Pike. He was a descendant of John Pike and his son Robert, who came to Massachusetts from England in 1635. His parents were among the early settlers of Calais, where his father was conspicuous in town affairs and was instrumental in establishing the first schools (1810).
Pike received his only formal education in Calais, Maine, which he later described as "not worth mentioning. "
The sudden death of his father in 1818 left the family in straitened circumstances, and, at the age of fourteen, James entered upon a series of business ventures in his native town, first as a clerk, later in a grain and shipping business, and in 1836, as cashier of the short-lived St. Croix Bank. By 1840 his success in business was such as to permit him to devote himself to the more congenial work of journalism, in which he had already shown an interest by editing the Boundary Gazette and Calais Advertiser (April 12, 1835 - July 28, 1836), distinguished for its Whig sympathies and its early advocacy of Harrison for the presidency.
After 1840 he lived during the winter months in Boston, New York, and Washington, becoming actively associated with newspaper work. As correspondent for the Portland Advertiser, and especially for the Boston Courier, he became familiarly known through letters signed "J. S. P. " As Washington correspondent for the Courier he described with characteristic vigor and effectiveness the persons and events in Washington during the debates on the compromise measures of 1850.
In 1850 he was the Whig candidate for Congress from the seventh district of the state of Maine in opposition to T. J. D. Fuller. Although this district had been strongly Democratic, the seat was closely contested and it was not until ten days after the election that Fuller's victory was assured.
In April of that year Pike was invited by Horace Greeley to become a regular correspondent of the New York Tribune, and in 1852 he was made an associate editor. Most of the time between 1850 and 1860 he was Washington correspondent for the Tribune.
When Lincoln was elected to the presidency he named Pike as minister resident to The Hague, and on March 28, 1861, the Senate confirmed his appointment. He arrived at The Hague on June 1, 1861. His diplomatic correspondence reveals him chiefly as an observer of the economic effects of the Civil War upon Europe. The relatively quiet life in a country which offered but few diplomatic problems proved uncongenial, and he returned to the United States on May 17, 1866, although his recall was not presented to the King of the Netherlands until December 1.
The remaining years of his life were devoted chiefly to writing, to collecting and publishing his earlier correspondence, and to the attractions of his summer home in Robbinston, Maine. He published successively The Financial Crisis: Its Evils and Their Remedy (1867); The Restoration of the Currency (1868); and Horace Greeley in 1872 (1873). All of these works were based upon what he had previously written for the New York Tribune. In 1873 he published his Chief Justice Chase, and in the following year, The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government, the result of his observation of the working of the reconstruction government in South Carolina, also published in a Dutch translation in 1875. He died in 1882.
James Shepherd Pike was a famous historian, the author of The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government, that a widely read and highly influential first hand account of the details of Reconstruction government in South Carolina. It was the first book in the United States, where the main theme were sensational corruption, incompetence, bribery, financial misdeeds and misbehavior in the state legislature. He also was a regular correspondent of the New York Tribune and his letters during that period, together with the earlier letters to the Boston Courier, are the most interesting of his journalistic achievements, a vivid and colorful description of official Washington during the decade preceding the Civil War.
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Pike was an outspoken Radical Republican, standing with Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner and opposing President Andrew Johnson. Long before black suffrage became a major issue Pike had come to believe that the freed slaves must be given the vote. Pike in 1866-67 strongly supported Black suffrage and the disqualification of most ex-Confederates from holding office.
He became a strong supporter of the Liberal Republican movement that in 1872 opposed President Ulysses Grant, denouncing the corruption of his administration.
Despite his limited education, he had acquired literary taste, a vigorous and picturesque diction, and forceful style.
He was twice married: first, in 1837, to Charlotte Grosvenor of Pomfret, Connecticut; second, in 1855, to Elizabeth Ellicott of Avondale, Chester County.
