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James was born on August 14, 1822 in New York City, New York, United States. He was the son of Thomas Strong, an emigrant from England, and his wife, Maria (Peers), member of a Dutch family of New York State. His parents died when he was very young, and with his only brother he was brought up in the Episcopal Church by an aunt and his maternal grandmother.
Abandoning his plan to study medicine because of uncertain health, he prepared for college at Lowville Academy and, having been converted under Methodist influences, entered Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, where he graduated in 1844 as valedictorian of his class.
After Wesleyan University he taught ancient languages in Troy Conference Academy, Poultney, Vermont. The year after his marriage, Strong withdrew for a time from teaching, though he continued his studies in the ancient languages.
Buying property and establishing a home in Flushing, he became interested in the building of railroads on Long Island and served as president of the Flushing Railroad Company for some two years prior to the opening of its road in 1854.
He was also active in civic affairs, being a justice of the peace for several years and president of the corporation of the village of Flushing in 1855. Meanwhile, in addition to his business activities he published A New Harmony and Exposition of the Gospels (1852), epitomes of Hebrew and Greek grammar, Sunday School question books, and several other works.
In 1858 he became professor of Biblical literature in Troy University, serving until his return to Flushing in 1863, part of the time as acting president. During this period he published Theological Compend (1859).
In 1867 Drew Theological Seminary was established at Madison, New Jersey, and the following year Strong was elected to its chair of exegetical theology, from which he retired as professor emeritus only a year before his death. It was during his twenty-seven years in this professorship that he accomplished most of his enormous amount of literary work.
Strong completed this work and edited the Supplement, in two volumes (1885 - 86). To The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (copyright 1890), he gave long years, and it still stands as a monument of labor and painstaking accuracy.
The Book of Psalms (published posthumously, 1896), and many lesser works; and contributed frequently to religious periodicals. Strong's great enthusiasm was the interpretation of the Bible, to which he brought independence of judgment and immense learning, including a profound knowledge of Greek, Hebrew, and the other Semitic languages.
He traveled extensively in the Orient and acquainted himself with the latest developments in archeological research. He was also at home in the French and German literature pertaining to this field. His position was conservative: he stoutly defended the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch and the accuracy of the Mosaic account of creation, contended that there was but one Isaiah, and supported the Pauline authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews; in all this, however, he was actuated not by blind obedience to the traditional, but by conviction based on his own studies.
He himself was lay delegate to the General Conference of 1872. For several years he lectured at the Chautauqua Assembly, and he was attending a summer institute for ministers at Round Lake, New York, as instructor in Greek and lecturer on the Holy Land, at the time of his death.
James Strong served as president of the state bar association (1878-1893), was a member of the state board of bar examiners (1885-1894), and vice-president of the State Historical Society. He was author of a History of the Territory of Wisconsin (1885) as well as several other articles and memoirs on early Wisconsin history. " He became Professor of Exegetical Theology at Drew Theological Seminary, where he remained for twenty-seven years.
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As a teacher, he was at his best; he could treat the Bible in its broad outlines, or turn to the most exhaustive and microscopic examination of particular words and phrases. His manner in the classroom was vigorous and dogmatic, yet often revealed tenderness and wit.
In Vermont he met Marcia Ann Dustin of Middlebury, whom he married July 18, 1845. His wife and four of their six children survived him.
