Blair was born in Maysville, Missouri to James T. Blair, Senior and Grace (Ray) Blair. His father was a prominent lawyer in Springfield, Missouri who would later serve as an assistant Attorney General for the state of Missouri and, in 1914, be appointed a judge to the Missouri Supreme Court.
Blair Junior. attended the Jefferson City, Missouri public schools and Staunton Military Academy in Virginia before pursuing higher education at Southwest Missouri State Teachers College (now Missouri State University) and the University of Missouri.
He earned his law degree in 1924 from Cumberland University in Tennessee. During World World War II Blair served in the United States Army Air Forces in the European Theater. Blair first entered politics shortly after graduation from law school by running for and winning election as city attorney for Jefferson City in 1925.
Following his second term in the General Assembly, Blair left politics to focus on his private law practice until his service in World World War World War II His mayoral term was short-lived, however, as in 1948 he was elected Missouri"s Lieutenant Governor, a post he held until he assumed the office of Governor, winning that race in November 1956.
As governor, Blair was known as a civil rights advocate, declaring to the General Assembly Always and everywhere I will identify myself with any victim of oppression or discrimination..and I will support him. This helped lead to the Missouri Commission on Human Rights in 1957.
While in office, Blair was also an advocate of welfare reform and extending health insurance to the disabled. Other highlights include a nursing home licensing law, establishing a Council on Higher Education, expansion of the Missouri Highway Patrol and setting of road speed limits, and setting up a state employee pension fund.
At the time Missouri law prohibited a second consecutive term as governor, leading to Blair"s retirement from politics after leaving office in January 1961.
James T. Blair"s retirement would be short-lived. Investigators theorized the homes central air conditioning system sucked in exhaust fumes from a vehicle accidentally left running in the garage.
Blair returned to politics in 1947 with his election as mayor of Jefferson City. Under his governorship the first budget control and review office was established.
He was the 44th Governor of Missouri as well as serving as the 35th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri and a member of the Missouri House of Representatives.
