János Apáczai Csere was a Transylvanian Hungarian polyglot and mathematician, famous for his work, the first textbook to be written in Hungarian.
Background
He was born in Apața (today in Braşov County, Romania) on June 10, 1625. The "Apáczai" in his name is an indication of his birthplace. The Csere family into which he was born were of the minor nobility, but his parents died when he was young and he was brought up an orphan.
Education
Utrecht University; University of Harderwijk. University of Franeker. Leiden University.
Career
He began these studies at the University of Franeker and later went to Leiden University and Utrecht University. In 1651 he earned a doctorate in theology from the University of Harderwijk. At this time, Bisterfeld was still head of the school in Gyulafehérvár, but on his death in 1655 Apáczai fell out of favor and lost his position.
In 1656 he was sent instead to what is now Cluj-Napoca to become head of the Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca) School there.
He died in 1659 at the age of 34. Apáczai wrote his encyclopedia while he was in Utrecht, and it was in Utrecht that it was published, in 1655 (with the year of 1653 printed on the frontispiece), after he had returned to Transylvania.
The first part of the encyclopedia consisted of a translation of the philosophy of Descartes, and the second and third covered logic following the earlier treatments of Petrus Ramus and his student Amesius. The fourth part concerned arithmetic, and the fifth part geometry, again based on the work of Ramus.
The sixth part covered astronomy, and was notable for including controversial heliocentric theories of cosmology.
The remaining parts of the encyclopedia concerned natural history, technology, history, social institutions, and theology. However, in 1803, a second edition was published, and it was republished again as recently as 1977 by Kriterion. Due to this work, Apáczai is now considered a national cultural hero.
The Apáczai Csere János High School in Budapest, one of the most reputed high schools in Hungary, is named after Apáczai, as are the Apáczai Csere János High School in Cluj, the Apáczai Csere János Teacher-Training College in Győr, and Apáczai Csere János utca (a street in Budapest).
In 1998, the Hungarian government established the Apáczai Public Foundation for the education of Hungarians living in other countries. Bán, Imre (1958), Apáczai Csere János, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
A book-length study of the writings of Apáczai, in Hungarian.