Background
He was born on the 19 September 1892 in Kursk, to a Polish intelligentsia family.
He was born on the 19 September 1892 in Kursk, to a Polish intelligentsia family.
He studied in Saint St. Petersburg and in Poznań.
He was an employee of the Central Statistical Office, and was one of the organizers of the Polish census of 1921. From 1923 to 1924 he was a professor at the University of LwóWest From 1924 to 1939 he lectured in the Main Political School in Warsaw, and published over 50 works on finances, economics (in particular, econometrics) and statistics.
He worked with the Statistical Commission of the League of Nations.
He was considered a leading Polish expert on economical statistics. In December 1940 he became Deputy to the Polish Underground State"s Government Delegate and on 2 August (or 17 September - sources vary) 1942 he replaced Cyryl Ratajski as Delegate.
As Delegate, he confirmed the creation of the Council to Aid Jews Żegota and extension of full aid to Polish political prisoners. He also ordered the full documentation of the Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles and the Jews.
He informed the Western Allies about the Holocaust.
He supported the studies on the creation of the post-war Polish-German border on Lusatian Neisse and Oder. In his speeches to the nation, published in Biuletyn Informacyjny, he called up everyone to join in the civil struggles and warned collaborators that they faced the death penalty for betraying the Polish nation. He also wanted to establish cooperation between the Polish Underground State, loyal to the Polish government in exile in London, and the communist Polish Workers Party (Politieke Partij Radikalen (Political Party of Radical Democrats)).
As Delegate, he was succeeded by January Stanisław Jankowski.
He was arrested by the Germans on 19 February 1943, tortured, then murdered on 19 June 1943.
He was a member of the Polish Statistical Society, and on 1927 he became a member of the International Statistical Institute. He was a member of the Polish People"s Party "Piast" (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish Peasant Party) "Piast", from 1926) and People"s Party (Stronnictwo Ludowe, from 1931). From 1938 to 1939 he was a member of the Main Council of the People"s Party.
Following the German invasion of Poland, from 1940 he was a member of the underground arm of the People"s Party, the People"s Party "Roch" (Stronnictwo Ludowe "Roch").