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Guez de Balzac was born at Angoulême. Originally thought to have been born in 1595, the date was revised in 1848 upon the discovery of a baptismal certificate dated June 1, 1597, although this is still controversial because his birth certificate contained several irregularities. He was born in a well off bourgeois family, which also had acquired noble titles.
Young Balzac was educated in local schools, the Jesuit collège at Poitiers, various collèges of the University of Paris, and finally, at the University of Leiden, where he studied law.
He began to write letters when staying with the Duke of Epernon in Metz in 1618. A visit to Italy in 1620-1622 as a sort of agent to the Duke's son, Cardinal La Valette, gave him further material and further stimulus for the writing of his letters. The first edition of the letters was published in 1624; they had an unparalleled success because of their fine prose style and because they were really little essays. However, when Balzac turned his attention to writing longer works and brought out his first attempt in this direction, Le Prince (1631), it was coldly received. After this time, Balzac left his estate only once more for a short visit to Paris in 1636, but he kept up a continuous correspondence with his friends in Paris and elsewhere. He was elected to the French Academy in 1634. The first letters were republished many times during the century; seven other collections of letters followed but none had the success of the early ones. Three other works were published in his lifetime: Le Barbon (1648), a satire on pedants; Latin letters and poems (1650); and Le Socrate Chretien (1652), a series of religious essays which had some success. His favorite work, Aristippe, depicting an ideal prime minister, appeared posthumously in 1658, as well as the Entretiens (1657), essays, mostly literary criticism. The only nearly complete edition of his works, in two folio volumes, appeared in 1665. Balzac was not an original thinker, but he was a good literary critic. His principal contribution was as a stylist - he did much to form modern French prose style. His prose marks the greatest advance until Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales in 1656. Balzac died at Angoulême on February 8, 1654.
Guez de Balzac's fame rests chiefly upon the Lettres, a second collection of which appeared in 1636. Recueil de nouvelles lettres was printed in the next year. His letters, though empty and affected in matter, show a real mastery of style, introducing a new clearness and precision into French prose and encouraging the development of the language on national lines by emphasizing its most idiomatic elements.
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He was one of the founding members of Académie française.
