Background
Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas was born at Alais (Gard), France on the 15th of July 1800.
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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Leçons Sur La Philosophie Chimique, Professées Au Collège De France Jean-Baptiste André Dumas, Amand Bineau Ébrard, 1836 Science; Chemistry; General; Science / Chemistry / General
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Jean Baptiste Andre Dumas was born at Alais (Gard), France on the 15th of July 1800.
Disappointed in his early hope of entering the navy, he became apprentice to an apothecary in his native town; but seeing little prospect of advancement in that calling, he soon moved to Geneva (in 1816). There he attended the lectures of such men as M. A. Pictet in physics, C. G. de la Rive in chemistry, and A. P. de Candolle in botany, and before he had reached his majority he was engaged with Pierre Prevost in original work on problems of physiological chemistry, and even of embryology.
Dumas was one of the first to criticize the electro-chemical doctrines of J. J. Berzelius, which at the time his work began were widely accepted as the true theory of the constitution of compound bodies, and opposed a unitary view to the dualistic conception of the Swedish chemist. Many of his well-known researches were carried out in support of these views, one of the most important being that on the action of chlorine on acetic acid to form trichloracetic acid-a derivative of essentially the same character as the acetic acid itself.
In the 1826 paper he described his famous method for ascertaining vapour densities, and the redeterminations which he undertook by its aid of the atomic weights of carbon and oxygen proved the forerunners of a long series which included some thirty of the elements, the results being mostly published in 1858-1860.
Soon he began his teaching career at the Athenaeum and then at the Sorbonne (1832), succeeding J. L. Gay-Lussac there and also filling a chair of chemistry at the École de Médecine and lectured there until 1852.
He also devised a method of great value in the quantitative analysis of organic substances for the estimation of nitrogen, while the classification of organic compounds into homologous series was advanced as one consequence of his researches into the acids generated by the oxidation of the alcohols.
His earliest large work was a treatise on applied chemistry in eight volumes, the first of which was published in 1828 and the last twenty years afterwards.
In the Essai de statique chimique des itres organises (1841), written jointly with J. B. J. D. Boussin-gault (1802 - 1887), he treated the chemistry of life, both plant and animal; this book brought him into conflict with Liebig, who conceived that some of his prior Work had been appropriated without due acknowledgment. In 1824, in conjunction with J. V. Audouin and A. T. Brongniart, he founded the Annales des sciences naturelles, and from 1840 he was one of the editors of the Annales de chimie et de physique.
In 1860 he presided over the stormy session of the famous Chemical Congress at Karlsruhe, at which Tommaso Cannizzaro finally won adoption of Avogadro's hypothesis.
Other work was carried out on ethereal oils, indigo, and alkaloids.
He was a member of the Academie des Sciences (1832) and perpetual secretary (from 1868); was elected to the National Legislative Assembly (1849); was minister of agriculture and commerce (1849 to 1851); senator, president of the Municipal Council of Paris, and master of the French mint under the Second Empire; first Faraday lecturer (1869); chairman of a commission for observing the transit of Venus in 1874; recipient of the Copley Medal and the Prussian order Pour le MériteMerite (1874).
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He was a member of the Academy of Sciences; member of the Académie Française.