Background
Jeffries Wyman I was born on August 11, 1814, at Chelmsford, Massachussets, the third son of Dr. Rufus Wyman, first director of the McLean Asylum, and Ann Morrill.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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( Jeffries Wyman (1814-74), a pioneer anthropologist of ...)
Jeffries Wyman (1814-74), a pioneer anthropologist of nineteenth-century America and one of its great comparative anatomists, was the Hersey Professor of Anatomy at Harvard University and, later, a trustee of the Peabody Museum and professor of American Archaeology and Ethnology. Wyman wrote the 59 letters in this volume to his only son Jeffie. Dating from 1866, when Jeffie was two, until Wyman's death in 1874, when Jeffie was ten, the letters reveal a great scientist trying to instill in his son the concepts of acute observation and wonder. Wyman's charming, quizzical drawings embellish the text, which will be appreciated by children and adults alike.
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Jeffries Wyman I was born on August 11, 1814, at Chelmsford, Massachussets, the third son of Dr. Rufus Wyman, first director of the McLean Asylum, and Ann Morrill.
Wyman I attended private schools in Charlestown and Chelmsford until he was ready to enter Phillips Exeter Academy, where he prepared for college. He was not a brilliant student and spent much time in the woods and fields. Nevertheless he was ready for Harvard at the age of fifteen and entered in the fall of 1829. He graduated with his class in 1833; during his senior year, a severe attack of pneumonia left him with impaired lungs and for the rest of his life he avoided New England winters as far as possible, seeking the milder climate of the Southern states. In the summer of 1834 he began to study medicine under the guidance of his father and of Dr. John C. Dalton; at the end of two years he became an assistant in the Massachusetts General Hospital, and in 1837 he received the degree of M. D.
He found his first years of practice financially difficult, despite aid in the form of an appointment as demonstrator in anatomy under John C. Warren, but the turn in his fortunes came in 1840, when John Amory Lowell, trustee of the recently established Lowell Institute, made him curator and one of the first lecturers.
Wyman was regarded by the critics as too quiet, but by those who knew anything of the field, his lectures on comparative anatomy and physiology were recognized as notable not only for their content but for the skill and charm of their illustration and delivery. To Wyman I, however, the important thing was the generous compensation for the lectures, which enabled him to make a visit to Europe and carry on his studies in Paris and London. Called home by the death of his father, he resumed his practice, but he never earned much as a physician and was glad to accept, in 1843, a professorship of anatomy and physiology in the medical school of Hampden-Sidney College, Richmond. Aside from the remuneration and the privilege of teaching, this position enabled Wyman to spend the winter and spring months in a climate milder than that of Boston, but he nevertheless relinquished it in 1847 to accept appointment to the Hersey Professorship of Anatomy at Harvard, which promised fuller scope for his talents. In 1848-1849, another course of Lowell Institute lectures improved his financial situation so much that he spent the summer in an expedition to Labrador on a fishing schooner. The winter of 1851-1852 he spent in Florida, where his collecting instinct had full play and the out-of-door life in the mild climate brought improvement to his health. In 1854, he again visited Europe, giving special attention to the museums in the various capitals. He made an excursion to Surinam in 1856 with two of his students, penetrating with canoes the interior of the country and returning with extensive collections for his cherished museum. On the expedition he suffered from tropical fever, however, and his slow recovery left him in no better health. Accordingly, in 1858, he accepted an invitation from Capt. J. M. Forbes to visit South America in company with his friend George Augustus Peabody. This journey took him to La Plata and thence across South America to Valparaiso, whence he came home by way of Peru and Panama, bringing a vast amount of material for the Harvard museums.
In 1866, through the munificence of George Peabody, a department and museum of archeology and ethnology was established at Harvard, with Wyman as curator, and to this new task he devoted much of his time and energy for the remainder of his life. He never lost his interest in comparative anatomy, however, and at the time of his death the museum, to which he was devoted, occupied generous space in Boylston Hall —the main floor and first gallery filled with specimens of zoology and anatomy, the second gallery occupied with archeological objects, the nucleus of the present Peabody Museum.
In the closing years of his life he became greatly interested in the "shell heaps" of Maine, Massachusetts, and Florida and in the information they might yield regarding the character and customs of their builders. His chief work in this field, a monograph of ninety-four pages dealing with the fresh water mounds of the St. John's River, Florida, was published in 1868.
During the summer of 1874 Wyman was particularly busy with curatorial duties owing to alterations in Boylston Hall. He probably overtaxed his strength, for when he went as usual to the White Mountains late in August Jeffries Wyman I failed to recuperate, and at Bethlehem, on September 4, a severe pulmonary hemorrhage abruptly terminated his life.
( Jeffries Wyman (1814-74), a pioneer anthropologist of ...)
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
On December 19, 1850, Jeffries Wyman I married Adeline Wheelwright, with whom he had two daughters, Mary and Susan. His first wife died in 1855 and in 1861, he married Annie Williams Whitney, with whom he had a son, Jeffries Wyman III. Annie Whitney died in 1864, the year of their son's birth.