Education
He was educated in Murray Institute until 1945 when he finished with a School Leaving Certificate.
He was educated in Murray Institute until 1945 when he finished with a School Leaving Certificate.
After working for a few years in South Africa he returned home in 1951 and set himself up as a small timber merchant. He saved his money for correspondence courses and studied by night. Qualifying as book-keeper and accountant through the London School of Accountancy, he obtained an office appointment at the Lilogwe quarries.
In the first government after independence in July 1964 he was one of nine Parliamentary Secretaries, his responsibility being for Works, Development and Housing. He was given cabinet rank in January 1966 as Minister of Trade and Industry. In November 1967 he became Minister for the Central Region and successfully held the portfolio without interruption through a series of reshuffles, being confirmed in the post in April 1972.
While most of the nationalist leaders were arrested and detained in 1959 he kept a low profile, avoided the security forces and carried on party work in secret. He was elected regional vice-treasurer and district chairman at Lilongwe for the Nyasaland African Congress. When the NAC was banned he became district chairman of the Malawi Congress Party at Lilongwe for three years and was elected to Parliament for Lilongwe South in the 1964 general elections.