Background
Johann David was born on March 8, 1752 in Germany at Wunsiedel in the principality of Bayreuth. The son of a well-to-do merchant.
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Johann David was born on March 8, 1752 in Germany at Wunsiedel in the principality of Bayreuth. The son of a well-to-do merchant.
Schöpf began his education under private tutors, attended the Gymnasium at Hof 1767-70, and studied medicine and the natural sciences at the University of Erlangen 1770-73. Living in the Fichtelgebirge, he had studied mineralogy and metallurgy from his early years, and under Professor J. C. D. von Schreber he became a serious student of zoology and botany. After hearing lectures on forestry at Berlin, he made a trip through Bohemia and Austria to the cities of northern Italy, took his medical degree at Erlangen in 1776.
In 1776 Schöpf began practice at Ansbach. The next year, giving up his plans for a voyage to India, he accepted a surgeon's commission in an Ansbach regiment destined for service with the British army in North America and arrived at New York June 4, 1777. His hope of seeing with his own eyes the flora, fauna, and geology of the New World was deferred, however, for six years, while his regiment did duty at New York and on the eastern tip of Long Island, in Rhode Island, and at Philadelphia.
At the close of the war he got permission to travel and on July 22, 1783, set out from New York. Accompanying him on the first half of his itinerary was an Englishman, Robert Hare, father of the chemist Robert Hare. They crossed New Jersey to Philadelphia and, after inspecting the Moravian towns of Bethlehem and Nazareth, journeyed through Reading, Lebanon, Carlisle, and Shippensburg to Fort Pitt. They returned through Maryland to Baltimore, Alexandria, Va. , and Annapolis, reaching Philadelphia early in November. Schöpf then started south by the so-called "back road".
At Leesburg, Virginia, the oncoming winter compelled him to change his route; he turned eastward to Fredericksburg and Richmond, continued on to Williamsburg and Yorktown, and then proceeded south through the Carolinas to Charleston, where he took sail for Florida.
On March 29, 1784, he embarked at St. Augustine for the Bahamas, and in October of that year he was once more with his friends in Bayreuth. The fifteen years remaining to him, varied by travel in Italy and Holland, were peaceful, happy, and honorable.
In 1795 he was created a Prussian Geheimer Hofrat and made president of the Ansbach Medicinal-collegium, which he continued to preside over when it was united in 1797 with that of Bayreuth.
His early death in 1800 resulted from a malady of the throat.
More than any other German of his time Johann David Schöpf made America his study. Among his articles and monographs are the first systematic work on American geology, Beytrage zur Mineralogischen Kenntniss des stlichen Theils von Nordamerika und seiner Geborge; the first paper on American ichthyology; the first on American frogs and turtles; one on the American climate and diseases; and a full American materia medica, Materia Medica Americana, Potissimum Regni Vegetabilis (1787). His masterpieces: Historia Testitudinum, Iconibus Illustrata (1792-1801), Reise durch einige der mittlern und sudlichen vereinigten nordamerikanischen Staaten nach Ost-Florida und den Bahama-Inseln (1788).
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Schöpf was an able descriptive scientist.
