Background
Müller was born on July 14, 1801, in Koblenz, Germany.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Müller was born on July 14, 1801, in Koblenz, Germany.
In 1823 he received his medical degree from the University of Bonn.
His early researches were concentrated primarily in experimental mammalian physiology and histology, and Müller introduced the microscope as an invaluable instrument for the study of pathology. He also studied color vision and the voice and vocal cords.
Müller's most important research was on the actions of nerves in sensation. In 1826 he became extraordinary professor of physiology at Bonn. In that year he announced his law of specific irritability, which states that the quality of a sensation, such as sight, hearing, taste, or smell, depends on the function of the nerve stimulated and not on the manner of stimulation. This formulation became a basis for future neurophysiologic research.
In 1833 Müller was appointed to the chair of anatomy and physiology at the University of Berlin. He continued to do research, performing most of his sensory experiments on himself, with the result that he suffered repeated mental and physical breakdowns. His vast knowledge of human anatomy and physiology is contained in his book Handbuch der Physiologie des Menschen.
Following several severe illnesses, Müller abandoned research on living mammals and turned his interest to comparative anatomy and the evolution of reptiles and amphibians, particularly of the frog. He became increasingly interested in the study of marine animals and pioneered the study of marine zoology.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)