Biographical Sketches: With Other Literary Remains of the Late John W. Campbell
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John Wilson Campbell was a U. S. Representative from Ohio, and a United States federal judge.
Background
John Wilson Campbell was born on February 23, 1782 in Augusta County, Virginia, United States, near Miller's Iron Works. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Wilson) Campbell, had come to that settlement from near Londonderry, Ireland. When he was a lad of eight or nine they moved, together with their large family, to Bourbon County, Kentucky.
Education
Young Campbell was not suited to the hard life on a pioneer farm, for he was not robust, and besides, he desired an education. This his parents could not afford to give him, although they had the Scotch-Presbyterian respect for learning. He grew discontented and ran away to Cincinnati, where he apprenticed himself to a carpenter. His parents prevailed on him to return home, and he was sent to a school conducted by the Rev. J. P. Campbell. His parents shortly moved to Ohio, where he was able to pay for his own schooling either by working at clearing the timberlands or by teaching school. After studying law at Morgantown, Virginia, with his uncle Thomas Wilson, he was admitted to the bar in 1808.
Career
Campbell set up an office in West Union, Adams County, Ohio. Here he was shortly made prosecuting attorney and succeeded in building up a lucrative practise.
He had a short period of service in the War of 1812.
In 1813 and again in 1815 he was sent by his county to the state legislature. In 1814, United States Senator Thomas Worthington resigned to become governor of Ohio, and Campbell was nominated, along with ten others, to fill the vacancy. The fact that he stood third highest in the balloting is an indication of the place he was coming to have in state politics. In 1816 he was elected to Congress by a large majority. He represented his district in five consecutive sessions (1817 - 27). Judging from the records, he was not an active debater. He spoke vigorously, however, against the Panama Mission, an administration measure, on Apr. 20, 1826. Although he was a Jackson man, he was not an intense partizan by nature, and his speeches indicate the equanimity of his disposition. In 1828 he was nominated by the state convention of the Jackson party for the governorship but was defeated. It seems probable that he was a reluctant candidate. On the accession of Jackson to the presidency, Campbell was appointed United States district judge. In order to be near his work, he moved his residence from his farm in Brown County to Columbus, in 1831. He seems to have been well qualified both by education and disposition for his new position, but he did not live to make his mark as a judge, for he was among the victims of the cholera epidemic which decimated Ohio in 1833.
He served until his death in Delaware. He was interred in the Old North Cemetery, Columbus, Ohio.
Achievements
He was in the Justice of the Peace of Tiffin Township, Adams County from 1809 to 1815. He served as prosecuting attorney of Adams County in 1809.
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Politics
He served until the outbreak of the American Civil War, when he became an official of the Confederate States of America. After serving six months in a military prison, he resumed a successful law practice in New Orleans, where he opposed Reconstruction.
Campbell was elected as a Republican to the Fifteenth through the Seventeenth Congresses. He was reelected as a Jackson Republican to the Eighteenth Congress. And as an Adams to the Nineteenth Congress (March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1827). He served as chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Sixteenth through Nineteenth Congresses). He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1826. Campbell was nominated by President Andrew Jackson as judge of the United States District Court for the District of Ohio on March 6, 1829, to a seat vacated by William Creighton, Jr. . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 7, 1829, and received commission the same day.
Membership
He served as member of the State house of representatives in 1810, 1813, and 1815.
Connections
In 1811 he was married to Eleanor Doak, daughter of Col. Robert Doak of Augusta County, Virginia.