Background
He was botn on January 10, 1834 in Naples, Italy. Acton was the only son of Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Acton by his marriage to Marie Louise Pelline von Dalberg, heiress to a very respectable German title.
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(Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts abso...)
Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Thats all most folk know of the works of Lord Acton. One sentence. A memorable sentence, no doubt, and a true statement, too. But readers of the present collection, Power Corrupts: Essays on Freedom and History, will learn much more. This collection of essays, which begins with a thorough introduction by historian Gertrude Himmelfarb, provides not merely an overview of Lord Actons work, but a major education on the nature of freedom, power, and the course of Western civilization. Acton makes the case for the classical liberal idea of freedom, i.e., limited government. Liberty is not a means to a higher political end, he writes in probably his second-most famous statement. It is itself the highest political end.
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(The two volumes of his lectures on modern history and on ...)
The two volumes of his lectures on modern history and on the French Revolution give us in their full ripeness the sum of Acton's historical judgments. History was not to Acton a mere academic pursuit. With that view of history which considers it, beneath the dry light of science, as a series of phenomena capable of detachment from the present, susceptible to separate analysis, he had no sympathy. Still less did he consider history a mere form of literary exposition. The one justification for the study of history was to Acton its value as a guide in the affairs of the every-day world. The present is what it is because of what the past has been. Human development has been a continuous chain of cause and effect. Any course of action in the present must be based upon a knowledge of the way in which things we now do are hedged in, limited by what men have done before us. History thus becomes a great mentor, a schoolmaster of action.
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He was botn on January 10, 1834 in Naples, Italy. Acton was the only son of Sir Ferdinand Richard Edward Acton by his marriage to Marie Louise Pelline von Dalberg, heiress to a very respectable German title.
Young Acton was educated at Oscott College under future-Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman until 1848 and then at Edinburgh where he studied privately. His attempt to be admitted to the University of Cambridge failed because he was a Catholic. So Acton went to Munich where he studied at the University and resided in the house of Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger, theologian and forerunner of the Old Catholic Church, with whom he became lifelong friends.
Having spent much time in the United States and Europe, he returned to England, settled at the family seat in Aldenham, Shropshire, and was elected to the House of Commons for Carlow, Shropshire, in 1859. In the same year he became editor, following John Henry Newman, of the Roman Catholic monthly the Rambler, but he laid down his editorship in 1864 because of papal criticism of his rigorously scientific approach to history as evinced in that journal. After 1870, when the First Vatican Council formulated the doctrine of papal infallibility, Acton was all but excommunicated for his opposition to that doctrine.
His parliamentary career had ended in 1865—he was an almost silent member—but he was an influential adviser and friend to William Gladstone, the Liberal leader and prime minister.
Acton was raised to the peerage on Gladstone’s recommendation in 1869, and in 1892 Gladstone repaid his services as adviser by having him made a lord-in-waiting to Queen Victoria.
Acton wrote comparatively little, his only notable later publications being a masterly essay in the Quarterly Review (January 1878), “Democracy in Europe”; two lectures delivered at Bridgnorth in 1877 on The History of Freedom in Antiquity and The History of Freedom in Christianity (both published in 1907)—these last the only tangible portions put together by him of his long-projected “History of Liberty”; and an essay on modern German historians in the first number of the English Historical Review, which he helped to found (1886).
In 1895 the prime minister Lord Rosebery had him appointed to the regius professorship of modern history at Cambridge. His inaugural Lecture on the Study of History (published in 1895) made a great impression in the university, and his influence on historical study was felt. He delivered two valuable courses of lectures on the French Revolution and on modern history, but it was in private that the influence of his teaching was most marked.
In 1899 and 1900 he devoted much of his energy to coordinating the project of The Cambridge Modern History, a monument of objective, detailed, collaborative scholarship.
His efforts to secure, direct, and coordinate contributors for the project exhausted him, and he died from the effects of a paralytic stroke that he had suffered in 1901.
(The two volumes of his lectures on modern history and on ...)
(This work has been selected by scholars as being cultural...)
(Lang:- eng, Vol-12, Pages 33 It is the reproduction of th...)
(Leopold is delighted to publish this classic book as part...)
(Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts abso...)
In politics, he was always an ardent Liberal.
Acton was a stern critic of nationalism; his liberalism was rooted in Christianity. “I fully admit that political Rights proceed directly from religious duties, and hold this to be the true basis of Liberalism. ” For him, conscience was the fount of freedom, and its claims were superior to those of the state. “The nation is responsible to Heaven for the acts of the State. ” If democracy could not restrain itself, liberty would be lost. The test of a country’s freedom was the amount of security enjoyed by minorities. For Acton, in his judgment of politics as of history, morality was fundamental. He was the great modern philosopher of resistance to the evil state. Civilized, cosmopolitan, rich, learned, and widely connected, he is remembered as much for his few historical writings as for his prescient concern with the problems of political morality.
In 1840 his widowed mother married Lord Leveson, the future Lord Granville and Liberal foreign secretary, an alliance that brought Acton early into the intimate circle of the great Whigs.
He was also a Member of Parliament for Bridgnorth.
In 1865 Acton married Countess Marie Anna Ludomilla Euphrosina von Arco auf Valley, daughter of the Bavarian Count Maximilian von Arco auf Valley, by whom he had six children.