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John Fairfield Dryden was born on a farm, at Temple Mills, near Farmington, Maine, United States. He was the son of John and Elizabeth (Butterfield) Dryden. His paternal ancestors came to New England from Northamptonshire, England, in the seventeenth century.
Dryden entered Yale College in 1861, but his health broke down during the closing year of his course and he was compelled to abandon his studies.
In recognition of his subsequent achievements the university conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts and entered his name as one of the graduates of the class of 1865.
After leaving Yale Dryden became interested in life insurance in particular relation to the practical solution of the economic problems of the poor.
He made a careful study of the methods of the Prudential Assurance Company of London, which had met with considerable success in writing industrial insurance.
He himself defined industrial insurance as “life insurance for small amounts, chiefly on the lives of wage-earners and members of their immediate families, with premiums payable weekly and collected from the houses of the insured”.
In 1873 he settled in Newark, New Jersey, secured the cooperation of a small group of able men, including Leslie D. Ward, a young physician, and Noah F. Blanchard, a leading leather manufacturer, and wrote the first policy of the Prudential Friendly Society on November to 1875.
No time could have been less propitious for the launching of a new project, for it was the beginning of an era of depression in industry and commerce, and the discouragements that attended the opening years of this pioneer company would have been fatal to a man less sure of himself or less resolute of purpose than was Dryden.
From an insignificant beginning in the basement of the State Bank Building on Broad St. , Dryden lived to see The Prudential Insurance Company (so named in 1878) advance under his leadership to a foremost place among the life-insurance companies of the world.
The secret of his success was his clear grasp of fundamental principles, combined with indefatigable industry and a remarkable capacity for details.
He believed in the practical utility of his plans to provide for the American working people a better and more secure form of thrift than prevailed in 1875 and insurance history has proved the wisdom of his policy.
A Republican all his life, he took an active interest in public affairs.
On January 29, 1902, he was elected to the United States Senate, following the death of Senator Sewell.
His expression in 1902 of his views on Chinese exclusion, and his bill providing for federal regulation of insurance were other outstanding evidences of his ability.
In 1907, as a candidate for reelection, he was the choice of the voters in the primary but his opponents were strong enough to produce a deadlock in the joint meeting of the legislature which continued for two weeks.
Then, his health breaking down, Dryden yielded to the advice of his physicians and family and withdrew from the contest.
In 1909 a collection of his writings was published, under the title, Addresses and Papers on Life Insurance and Other Subjects.
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Dryden was opposed by several of the strongest men of the Republican party in New Jersey and the contest resulting in his election was one of the most memorable in the political history of the state.
On April 7, 1864 Dryden married Cynthia Jennings Fairchild, and they were the parents of two children.
