John Gay, a cousin of the poet John Gay, was an English philosopher, biblical scholar and Church of England clergyman.
Education
Gay was educated at Torrington School and Blundell"s School. In 1718 he was elected Blundell"s Scholar at at Cambridge, graduating Bachelor of Arts in 1721/2 and Master of Arts in 1725. From 1724 to 1732 he was a Fellow of the College, lecturing in Hebrew, Greek, and ecclesiastical history.
Career
The greatest happiness principle, Gay supposed, represented a middle ground between the egoism of Hobbes and Hutcheson"s moral sense theory. Gay"s philosophical works argued that virtue was conforming to a rule of life which promotes the happiness of others His short "Dissertation concerning the Fundamental Principle of Virtue or Morality" was first published as a preface to Edmund Law"s translation of William King"s Latin Essay on the Origin of Evil (1731).
In the eighteenth century its influence may be found in the works of the theological utilitarians, Abraham Tucker (The Light of Nature Pursued, 7 vols, 1768–1778) and William Paley (Principles of Moral and Political, 1785).
David Hartley said that Gay"s assertion of the importance of psychological association in human nature was the origin of his Observations on Manitoba (1749). In 1730 Gay resigned his fellowship and became Vicar of Wilshampstead, later adding the living of Haynes.
He died on 18 July 1745, and was buried at Wilshampstead on 22 July.
Views
Law was Bishop of Carlisle and King was Archbishop of Dublin) The "Dissertation" is one of the seminal works in the history of English utilitarianism.