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John Chipman Hoadley was born on December 10, 1818 in Martinsburg, Lewis County, United States. He was the son of Major Lester and Sarah (Chipman) Hoadley. He was descended from William Hoadley (or Hoadle) who emigrated from England to America before 1663 and settled eventually in Branford, Connecticut. His father, a fairly well-to-do farmer, moved the family in 1824 to Utica, New York, where John grew up.
Hoadley attended the common schools, spent two years in a machine and pattern shop in Utica, and after a few months as rodman on the survey for the railroad between Utica and Binghamton, returned to the Utica Academy for a year of technical study.
In 1836 Hoadley obtained work with the engineers surveying for the enlargement of the Erie Canal, and after progressing through the position of rodman, leveler, surveyor, and draftsman, he was put in charge of that section of the work between Utica and Rome, New York. His method of recording the location of the old and new lines of the canal was of such value in the settlement of claims against the state that he was retained until 1844, when he received an offer of seven hundred dollars a year from Horatio N. and Erastus B. Bigelow, textile manufacturers, to come to their plant near Lancaster, Massachussets With this firm he acted as civil engineer in charge of locating, constructing, and installing the new mills.
The experience gained in this position in connection with the erection and installation of the power and mechanical equipment led him to turn away from the field of civil engineering to that of mechanical engineering. Accordingly in 1848 he joined Gordon McKay at Pittsfield, Massachussets, to form the firm of McKay & Hoadley, manufacturers and engineers, in the construction of mill machinery, steam engines, and water wheels. After three years in this connection he went to Lawrence, Massachussets, as superintendent and later general agent of the Lawrence Machine Shop, which constructed textile and paper-mill machinery, water wheels, stationary steam engines, and locomotives. At the time it was one of the largest plants of its kind in New England.
In the five years of Hoadley's direction of the works (1852-1857), more than one hundred locomotives were built. These were for many of the principal railroads and were built according to designs furnished by the purchasers. In 1857 the Lawrence Machine Shop failed and upon the strength of the reputation of the work turned out under his direction, Hoadley began the manufacture of portable steam engines on his own account. Except for locomotive engines, these engines were comparatively new machines at that time, and Hoadley is credited with much of the improvement in design that followed. His engine was the first of the single-valve automatics with the governor at the side of the driving pulley and was noted for lightness, simplicity, durability, and efficiency. Hoadley continued this business for twenty years during which time he devoted four years to the direction of the New Bedford Copper Company, and one year, 1868, in charge of construction with the McKay Sewing Machine Association.
After 1873 he devoted most of his time to a consulting practice. He was an organizer of the Clinton Wire Cloth Company and served as president of the Archibald Wheel Company. The results of some of his investigations and tests were published in pamphlet form, the best known of which are The Portable Steam-Engine (1863), and Steam-Engine Practice in the United States (1884), which he presented as a paper at the Montreal meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Papers presented before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers include: "A Tilting Water Meter for Purposes of Experiment"; "High Ratios of Expansion and Distribution of Unequal Pressures in Single and Compound Engines"; and "Use of the Calorimeter as a Pyrometer for High Temperatures. "
Hoadley was for one term a representative in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1858 and in 1862 was commissioned a captain in the Massachusetts militia and was sent on a four-months mission to England to inspect and report upon ordnance for harbor defense for the state.
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Hoadley was a founder of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and an original trustee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Hoadley was twice married: on August 24, 1847, to Charlotte Sophia Kimball, at Needham, Massachussets, and on September 15, 1853, to Catherine Gansevoort Melville, at Pittsfield, Massachussets.
