The American Citizen: His Rights and Duties, According to the Spirit of the Constitution of the United States (1857)
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A Candid Examination of the Question Whether the Pope of Rome is the Great Antichrist of Scripture
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Sixteen Lectures on the Causes, Principles, and Results of the British Reformation
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John Henry Hopkins was an Irish-American clergyman, lawyer, theologian, architect and scholar. He served as the first bishop of Episcopal Diocese of Vermont and the eighth Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.
Background
John Henry Hopkins was born on January 30, 1792 in Dublin, Ireland. He was the only child of Thomas and Elizabeth (Fitzakerly) Hopkins, of English and Irish lineage. His father, descended from the Hopkinses of Coventry, England, was a merchant in Dublin; his mother was the brilliant and accomplished daughter of a Fellow of Trinity College. In 1800 the family sailed for the New World.
Education
Hopkins was educated by his mother and in private schools.
His friends were all freethinkers, and from his seventeenth to his nineteenth year he studied the writings of Paine, Hume, and Voltaire; but, determined to know the other side of the question, he procured Christian books also, and by reading and discussion became convinced of the truth of the Gospel.
Career
At twenty-one Hopkins became superintendent of ironworks near Pittsburgh. When peace with England put an end to his iron enterprise, he threw himself into the study of law and shortly rose to leadership at the Pittsburgh bar. Serving without salary as temporary organist of Trinity Episcopal Church, Pittsburgh, he became a communicant, and in 1823 the struggling church unanimously elected him rector. Regarding this startling call as indicating divine guidance, and whole-heartedly supported by his wife, he accepted the invitation, exchanging his professional income of $5, 000 for a salary of $800, and was rapidly advanced to full clerical standing. Having considerable knowledge of Gothic architecture, he drew plans for a church seating a thousand people; the building was erected and consecrated in 1825; and in that year nearly a hundred and fifty persons were confirmed.
In 1831 he accepted a repeated call to be assistant minister of Trinity Church, Boston, and to cooperate in the opening of a divinity school in Cambridge. The following year he was elected first Episcopal bishop of Vermont, at a salary of $500, and was tendered the rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Burlington, which he held, in addition to his episcopal office, until he became presiding bishop over a quarter of a century later. Always deeply interested in church education, he developed a school in his home, with theological students as teachers. Its rapid growth led him to undertake extensive enlargement of his buildings, but the financial panic of 1837 swept away his property, and for twenty years he struggled heroically under a burden of debt. It was finally cleared, however, and he had the satisfaction of reestablishing his school.
In January 1851, at Buffalo, New York, he delivered a lecture on Slavery: Its Religious Sanction, Its Political Dangers, and the Best Mode of Doing It Away, published that same year, in which he maintained that slavery was not a sin, because not forbidden in Scripture, but that its abolition was urgently important, and should be effected by fraternal agreement. This argument he several times reiterated in pamphlets and periodicals. Though loyal to the Union, he maintained throughout the Civil War an irenic attitude toward the South which enabled him, when he became presiding bishop in 1865, to take a leading part in effecting the reunion of the Church.
In 1867 he attended the Lambeth Conference of bishops in communion with the Church of England, and on December 3 of that year was awarded the degree of D. C. L. by Oxford University. Upon his return to his diocese, he undertook a winter visitation during which prolonged exposure to severely cold weather brought upon him an attack of pneumonia which resulted in his death. A close student of patristic literature in the original, Hopkins was a high churchman who held that the Reformation was necessitated by the innovations of Rome.
He published more than fifty books, sermons, and pamphlets, including Christianity Vindicated (1833); The Primitive Creed (1834); The Primitive Church (1835); and other works.
Hopkins was a member of the Protestant Episcopal church.
Personality
Hopkins was always ready to stand quite alone in advocacy of what he believed to be true or right; but he showed sensitive consideration for the rights of those who differed with him.
Connections
On May 8, 1816, he married Melusina Muller, of German and French-Huguenot descent. Throughout his career Hopkins had the devoted cooperation of his wife. His Autobiography in Verse (1866) was published on the occasion of their golden wedding. Of their thirteen children, three became clergymen; two, musicians; and one, Edward A. Hopkins, a diplomat.