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John Barnard Swett Pearse was born on April 19, 1842 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia Country, Pennsylvania, United States. His father, Oliver Peabody Pearse, a merchant sea-captain, was drowned at Cape May, New Jersey, while saving a bather, when John was six years of age. His mother, Adelia Coffin (Swett), later married Dr. Edward Hartshorne, a metallurgical expert, whose experiences and influence determined the boy's active business career.
John Barnard Swett Pearse's early education was obtained under Prof. Charles Short, who was connected subsequently with Columbia University. By working as a machinist he also gained a certain amount of information concerning metals. Later he entered Yale University, from which he graduated in 1861, with the degree of B. A. At the conclusion of the Civil War Pearse studied metallurgy for more than a year in the School of Mines at Freiberg, Saxony.
Returning to Philadelphia, John Barnard Swett Pearse became connected with Booth and Garrett's chemical laboratory, but in June 1863 assumed complete charge of the chemical division of the United States army's laboratory at Philadelphia, where pharmaceutical products for the hospital service were manufactured. He spent for more than a year at Neuberg and Leoben, Styria, and other places in Europe, visiting mines and observing methods of metal manufacturing. He returned to the United States in December 1867, and two months later was engaged as chemist by the Pennsylvania Steel Works, near Harrisburg.
In 1870 John Barnard Swett Pearse was promoted to the position of general manager, and this advancement enabled him to build up an enviable reputation as a metal expert, particularly in designing and improving Bessemer steel plants and their products. In June 1874 he resigned his position to accept appointment as commissioner and secretary of the second Pennsylvania geological survey, which positions he held until 1881. He was also active on the committee in charge of metallurgical and mining exhibits displayed at the Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia.
In 1876 John Barnard Swett Pearse became general manager of the South Boston Iron Company, a concern engaged in general machine and foundry work, and particularly in the manufacturing of ordnance and projectiles for the United States government. During the next seven years his keen mind and tireless efforts enabled the company to produce new and better products. In 1883, however, his health broke down and he retired from active participation in metallurgical enterprises.
John Barnard Swett Pearse was the author of several publications prepared during the earlier years of his career. In 1869 he completed a translation of A Treatise on Roll Turning for the Manufacture of Iron from the German of Peter Tunner. He contributed a paper "On the Use of Natural Gas in Iron Work, " to Reports on the Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania (1875). His largest single published work was an historical essay entitled A Concise History of the Iron Manufacture of the American Colonies up to the Revolution and of Pennsylvania until the Present Time (1876). Three of his papers were printed in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, entitled, "The Manufacture of Iron and Steel Rails" (1874), "The Improved Bessemer Plant" (1877), and "Iron and Carbon, Mechanically and Chemically Considered". He died at his summer residence in Georgeville, Quebec on August 24, 1914.
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John Barnard Swett Pearse was married in Arlington, Massachussets, November 1, 1876, to Mary Langdon Williams, daughter of David W. Williams of Roxbury (part of Boston), Massachussets. They had a son and a daughter.
