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Terrestrial Atmospheric Absorption of the Photographic Rays of Light
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Contributions From The Lick Observatory: Report On The Total Eclipse Of The Sun, Observed At Mina Bronces, Chile, On April 16, 1893...
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Contributions From The Lick Observatory: Report On The Total Eclipse Of The Sun, Observed At Mina Bronces, Chile, On April 16, 1893; Volume 4 Of Contributions From The Lick Observatory; John Martin Schaeberle
John Martin Schaeberle, Lick Observatory
Printed by authority of the Regents of the University of California, 1895
Science; Astronomy; Astronomy; Science / Astronomy
John Martin Schaeberle was a German- born American astronomer. He maintained his own private observatory and discovered three comets.
Background
John Martin Schaeberle was born Johann Martin Schäberle in Württemberg, Germany on January 10, 1853, son of Anton and C. Catherine Schaeberle, fourth child of a family of six children. The family emigrated to America in 1854 and settled in Ann Arbor.
Education
Schaeberle attended the public schools of Ann Arbor until he was fifteen.
Convinced that he could make further progress only by mastering the fundamentals of mathematics, he returned to Ann Arbor, finished high school, and entered the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 1876 with a degree in civil engineering. During his student days he pursued his astronomical interests even more actively than before.
Career
At fifteen Schaeberle entered a machine shop in Chicago as an apprentice. During his three years' apprenticeship he chanced to become interested in astronomy. Fired with enthusiasm, he ground a small mirror and constructed a reflecting telescope upon the roof of his rooming house, where he spent many nights observing the heavens.
Upon his graduation he became private assistant to James Craig Watson, and in 1878 was appointed assistant in the observatory. Later he became acting assistant professor at Michigan, where he remained until 1888, when he was called to Mount Hamilton, California, as a member of the original staff of the Lick Observatory.
For the first five years he had charge of the work with the Repsold meridian circle. With the thirty-six-inch refractor he discovered the faint companion of Procyon, the "Little Dog Star. " A few months after his arrival at the new institution, the solar eclipse of January 1, 1889, total in northern California, occurred. With Edward Singleton Holden and Sherburne Wesley Burnham Schaeberle observed it as a partial eclipse from the observatory.
In December of the same year with Burnham he observed a total eclipse at Cayenne, French Guiana, where he obtained good results in spite of adverse conditions. As a consequence, he became interested in eclipse problems and formulated a mechanical theory of the solar corona, which, with some modifications, won and retained many adherents. Because study of the corona suffered greatly from lack of large-scale photographs, he built a long-focus camera, with plate-holder in a movable carriage mounted on a track. When he first used it at the eclipse in Chile, April 1893, he detected a faint comet, which otherwise would not have been seen because of its proximity to the sun. In 1896 he headed an expedition to Japan that was unsuccessful because of clouds.
He was also much interested in problems connected with the reflecting telescope, to the theory of which he made definite contributions. He built several reflectors, ranging in size from eight to twenty-four inches in diameter. The last of these, which had a focal length of only three feet, was mounted equatorially and was used for studies of faint extended nebulae and of the sun.
When Holden retired from directorship of the Lick Observatory in 1897, Schaeberle served as acting director until James Edward Keeler arrived as Holden's successor. At that time he retired from the Lick Observatory. After a trip around the world he returned to Ann Arbor, where he continued his studies.
He was living in Ann Arbor at the time of his death, which came very suddenly. Though apparently in good health, he was seized with a stroke of apoplexy while doing some light work on the lawn and died instantly under the sky he had studied so diligently.