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John was born on September 13, 1813 at Cornwall Hollow, Connecticut, United States, the son of Benjamin Sedgwick, farmer and ardent churchman, and Olive (Collins) Sedgwick. The American progenitor of the family was Robert Sedgwick. His grandfather, Major John Sedgwick, was an officer in the American War of the Revolution.
John Sedgwick received his early education in the common schools of Cornwall, with a few months at an academy at Sharon, Connecticut, and some special instruction at the parsonage of the Reverend William Andrews. Soon afterward he entered the United States Military Academy and was graduated with the class of 1837.
Sedgwick was commissioned in the artillery, and for a decade saw service in the Seminole War, assisted in moving the Cherokee Indians west of the Mississippi, served on the northern frontier during the Canadian border disturbances, and on various garrison assignments. In 1846 he joined General Taylor's army on the Rio Grande, and saw arduous service until transferred to Scott's army at Vera Cruz, Mexico.
He took an active part in all the battles of the Mexican War leading up to the final assault upon the city of Mexico, and for his services at the battles of Churubusco and Chapultepec was brevetted captain and major, respectively. After about eight years of garrison duty, during which he was promoted to the rank of captain, he was honored by appointment as major of the newly organized 1th Regiment of Cavalry. He participated in the Utah Expedition of 1857-58, and in the warfare with the Kiowa and Comanche Indians, 1858-60.
At the outbreak of the Civil War Sedgwick was engaged in constructing the frontier post of Fort Wise, Colorado. Quick promotion to the ranks of lieutenant-colonel, colonel, and brigadier-general of United States Volunteers followed, and he received the important assignments of a brigade and a division in the Army of the Potomac.
He participated in most of the battles of McClellan's campaign on the Peninsula, including Glendale where he was severely wounded on June 30, 1862. He was promoted major-general of volunteers on July 4, 1862. He took a prominent part in the battle of Antietam, where he was again wounded, in the battle of Chancellorsville, and in the Rappahannock campaign, during which he commanded the V and the VI Corps. Soon afterwards he led his corps in the storming of Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and in the battle of Salem Heights on May 3 and 4, 1863. Although not reaching Gettysburg until the second day of the great battle, he entered that contest also and took part in the pursuit of Lee's retiring army. In the subsequent Rapidan campaign he commanded the right wing of the Army of the Potomac with the V and VI Corps, and did brilliant service at the Rappahannock Station in the operations at Mine Run.
In the Richmond campaign, still commanding the VI Corps, he was actively engaged in the battle of the Wilderness early in May 1864. A few days later at Spotsylvania, while personally directing the location of artillery, he was shot and killed by a Confederate sharpshooter.
Being a brilliant leader, known to his soldiers as "Uncle John", John Sedgwick was the highest-ranking United States soldiers to be killed in the war. He sucessfully participated in Seminole Wars, Mexican-American War, Utah War, Indian Wars, American Civil War and was promoted to the rank of Major general. There is an impressive monument in his native town in Connecticut, dedicated to him on May 30, 1892. In 1868, a bronze statue at West Point, and in 1913 an equestrian statue at Gettysburg, were unveiled with appropriate ceremonies. The following were named in his honor: Sedgwick County, Colorado, Sedgwick County, Kansas, Fort Sedgwick. A major street in the Bronx, in New York City, is named after him.
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Sedgwick was generous and affable, but withal a strict disciplinarian.
Quotes from others about the person
Ulysses S. Grant characterized Sedgwick as one who "was never at fault when serious work was to be done".
Sedgwick never married.
