He was the third son of Sir Michael Stanhope, born in Yorkshire, but brought up in Nottinghamshire after his father"s attainder for treason in 1552. His father"s end did not apparently hinder his own career, and he is probably the John Stanhope who was Member of Parliament (Member of Parliament) for Marlborough in the Parliament of 1572-1581, for Truro in 1586 and for Rochester in 1588.
In 1596, he was knighted, and appointed as Treasurer of the Chamber. In 1597, Stanhope stood for election to Parliament as Member for Yorkshire, presumably assuming that with his own standing and Cecil"s backing he would be certain of success, but they had not reckoned with the independence of the large electorate - Stanhope spent most of his time at court and no longer lived in Yorkshire, and despite his local roots they may have considered him an outsider. Stanhope was defeated in a tumultuous election.
Meanwhile Stanhope was hastily found a seat instead for Preston, a borough Cecil had in his gift as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.
He later sat for Northamptonshire in the Parliament of 1601 and for Newtown from 1604 until, on 2 May 1605, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Stanhope, of Harrington. As one of Cecil"s leading followers, it was rumoured in 1600 that Stanhope would soon become Lord Chancellor.
Instead, he was provided for by being appointed Vice-Chamberlain of the Household. He resigned the Treasurership of the Chamber and retired from his other posts in 1616, and died in 1621.
Stanhope was twice married: first to Joan, daughter of William Knollys, by whom he had no issue.
And secondly, on 6 May 1589, to Margaret, daughter of Henry MacWilliams, one of the queen"s gentlemen pensioners. By her he had issue
Charles, born in 1593, who succeeded as second baron, but died without issue in 1675, when the title became extinct,
Elizabeth, who married Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet. And
Catherine, who married Robert, Viscount Cholmondeley.
The later peers of the Stanhope family descend from the first baron"s brother, Thomas.
He was Custos Rotulorum of the North Riding for many years and a member of the Council of the North, and in 1590 was appointed Master of the King"s Posts. After the Archbishop of York and other members of the Council of the North reported to the Privy Council that Savile had shown contempt for their authority the Council had him arrested, but they could not overturn the election result and were forced to release him in time to take his seat. In 1603 he was appointed one of the "Commissioners to treat of a Union between England and Scotland", to settle the arrangements for the inheritance of the English throne by the King of Scotland James VI, and in 1609, he became a member of the council of the Virginia Company.
