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Young was born on November 17, 1879 in Columbus, Ohio. His father, William Henry Young, a native of West Virginia, served in succession as colonel in the Civil War, as United States consul in Karlsruhe, Germany, and as professor at Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, and finally retired to devote himself to business. While on the Continent he married Marie Louise Widenhorn, born in Paris of a German father and a French mother.
Young's early schooling in Columbus was followed by six years in the Gymnasium at Baden-Baden. Graduating from Ohio State University in 1899, he remained for a year of graduate work in mathematics and philosophy. He received the degrees of A. M. (1901) and Ph. D. (1904) at Cornell University.
Young's frequent contacts with his talented brother-in-law, E. H. Moore, helped to concentrate his interest on mathematics. He began his teaching as instructor at Northwestern University in 1903, and became preceptor at Princeton in 1905, assistant professor at the University of Illinois in 1908, and head of the department of mathematics at the University of Kansas in 1910. The following summer he taught at the University of Chicago, and in the fall went to Dartmouth College, where the remaining years of his life were spent. His contact with colleges and universities of varied types and in different parts of the country brought to him a comprehensive view of higher education in America, as well as a wide friendship among American mathematicians. His life spanned the years in which America was "coming of age" in science as well as in other ways. This process in mathematics was furthered by the growth of the American Mathematical Society, and Young as editor of its Bulletin and member of its council for eighteen years (1907-1925) helped to guide this growth. His deep interest in the improvement of mathematical education led him to take an active part in the formation of the Mathematical Association of America. This organization made him chairman of a committee on college entrance requirements in mathematics, which was soon enlarged to make it nationally representative and received generous financial assistance from the General Education Board. The final report of this committee, The Reorganization of Mathematics in Secondary Education (1923), had far-reaching influence on mathematical instruction in the United States. He served in an editorial capacity for the Mathematics Teacher, the Colloquium Publications of the American Mathematical Society, and the Carus Mathematical Monographs, of which he wrote one, Projective Geometry (1930). With Oswald Veblen, he published Projective Geometry (2 vols. , 1910-1918), based on a set of postulates created by the authors which permitted the postponement of the difficult topics of linear order and continuity, and thus greatly simplified the logical treatment of a considerable body of geometry. His Lectures on Fundamental Concepts of Algebra and Geometry (1911) aroused widespread interest and was translated into Italian. He died in Hanover, New Hampshire, of heart disease. He was survived by his wife and daughter.
Young was a member of most of the well-known mathematical societies of Europe and America, and a regular attendant at the international congresses of mathematics.
It is not surprising that the product of an international marriage and an international education should develop to an unusual degree those characteristics of tolerance, open-mindedness, and sympathy which mark the successful teacher. Highly imaginative and philosophical, patient and thorough, Young not only contributed to the growth of mathematics through his own researches, but by suggestion and helpful criticism encouraged others in their work.
On July 20, 1907, Young married Mary Louise Aston, a former school mate, by whom he had one daughter.
