Background
Dixon was born in Snow Camp, North Carolina to a Quaker family. His father operated a farm and a small factory.
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Dixon was born in Snow Camp, North Carolina to a Quaker family. His father operated a farm and a small factory.
Dixon attended Quaker colleges, Earlham College in Indiana and Guilford College in North Carolina, graduating in 1889. Dixon moved to the frontier town of Missoula, Montana in 1891, where he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1892.
He served as a Representative, Senator, and the seventh Governor of Montana. A businessman and a modernizer of Quaker heritage, Dixon was a leader of the Progressive Movement in Montana and nationally. He excelled at history, debate and oratory.
Although he left the Quaker faith, he never abandoned Quaker ideals.
Dixon served as assistant prosecuting attorney of Missoula County from 1893 to 1895 and prosecuting attorney from 1895 to 1897. In 1900, he served in the Montana House of Representatives.
They had seven children: Virginia, Florence, Dorothy, Betty, Mary Joe, Peggy, and Frank. Frank died shortly after birth.
Dixon grew wealthy through his law practice and his investments in real estate.
To further his political ambitions in 1900 he bought a Missoula newspaper, the Missoulian. He unsuccessfully ran for reelection in 1912, but that year, he was the campaign manager for Roosevelt and chaired the National Progressive Convention that nominated Roosevelt on the third-party Progressive Party ("Bulletin Moose") ticket as the Grand Old Party split between progressives and stand—patters. He finally sold his newspapers, and they were taken over by Amalgamated.
In 1920, Dixon ran for Governor of Montana, and, following farmer unrest that weakened the copper company, Dixon was carried by the national Republican landslide into office as Governor, defeating Democratic nominee Burton K. Wheeler comfortably.
Although Dixon had many reform proposals, he was unable to enact them because of the severe economic depression in the state, and the systematic opposition of Anaconda Copper. In 1929 he was appointed First Assistant Secretary of the Interior, and served in that position until 1933.
In 1930, he was involved with a project to develop water power on the Flathead Indian Reservation, and with it, a complex network of water rights for the Reservation. He died in Missoula, Montana on May 22, 1934 due to heart problems.
He is interred at the Missoula Cemetery in Missoula, Montana.
Dixon took advantage of the internal dissension among rival factions of the Democratic party to rise rapidly in politics. He became an ardent admirer of President Theodore Roosevelt, and joined the progressive wing of the party, fighting the conservatives. Out of office, Dixon returned to Montana to look after his newspaper properties, and to battle the Amalgamated Copper Company, the behemoth that dominated both political parties through its corrupt spending.