Background
Joseph von Fraunhofer was born at Straubing in Bavaria on the 6th of March 1787. He was the son of a glazier who died in 1798.
( Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra by Joseph Sweetman Am...)
Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra by Joseph Sweetman Ames Joseph von Fraunhofer, first published in 1898, is a rare manuscript, the original residing in one of the great libraries of the world. This book is a reproduction of that original, which has been scanned and cleaned by state-of-the-art publishing tools for better readability and enhanced appreciation. Restoration Editors' mission is to bring long out of print manuscripts back to life. Some smudges, annotations or unclear text may still exist, due to permanent damage to the original work. We believe the literary significance of the text justifies offering this reproduction, allowing a new generation to appreciate it.
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Joseph Von Fraunhofer's Gesammelte Schriften: Im Auftrage Der Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe Der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie Der Wissenschaften Joseph von Fraunhofer, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse Eugene Lommel Verlag der K. Akademie; In commission bei G. Franz, 1888 Science; Optics; Optics; Science / Optics; Science / Spectroscopy & Spectrum Analysis
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(Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) war ein außerordentlich...)
Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) war ein außerordentlich bedeutender Optiker und Physiker und ist Namensgeber für die heutzutage größte europäische Forschungs- und Entwicklungs-Organisation (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft). Nach seiner Lehre als Optiker arbeitete Fraunhofer im Mathematisch-Mechanischen Institut in München. Bei dieser Tätigkeit entwickelte Fraunhofer verbesserte Schleifmaschinen und Glassorten. Im Jahre 1813 entdeckte der Wissenschaftler Linien im Sonnenspektrum, die nach ihm benannt wurden ( Fraunhofersche Linien ). Außerdem konstruierte er 1814 ein Gerät zur Untersuchung der verschiedenen Spektren des Lichts - das Spektroskop. Durch diese Entdeckung konnte Fraunhofer bessere Objektive anfertigen ( Fraunhofer-Objektiv ). Fraunhofer war u.a. Mitglied der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
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Joseph von Fraunhofer was born at Straubing in Bavaria on the 6th of March 1787. He was the son of a glazier who died in 1798.
An orphan by the age of 12, he became an apprentice to a mirror maker in Munich. He spent his first pennies at the flea market on an elementary textbook of geometry which he studied in his spare time.
In 1801, the workshop in which he was working collapsed, and he was buried in the rubble. The rescue operation was led by Prince-Elector Maximilian Joseph. The prince entered Fraunhofer's life, providing him with books and forcing his employer to allow the young Fraunhofer time to study.
Joseph Utzschneider was also at the site of the disaster, a fact which turned out to be important. With the money given to him by the prince upon his rescue and the support he received from Utzschneider, Fraunhofer was able to continue his education alongside his practical training. In 1806, Utzschneider and Georg von Reichenbach brought Fraunhofer into their Institute at Benediktbeuern, a secularised Benedictine monastery devoted to glass making. There he discovered how to make the world's finest optical glass for that time and invented precise methods for measuring dispersion.
It was at the Institute that Fraunhofer met Pierre Louis Guinand, a Swiss glass technician, who Utzschneider had introduced the secrets of glassmaking to Fraunhofer.
In 1817 he became a Corresponding academician.
In 1822 he became Honorary Doctor of the University of Erlangen.
In 1807, when Fraunhofer had already mastered through private studies the best German university textbooks on optics, he was invited to work with a new optical-instrument-making firm established largely through Utzschneider's efforts at Benediktbeuern.
Indicative of Fraunhofer's abilities was his first assignment: the making of achromatic lenses for telescopes. The task implied not only original theoretical work but also the production of highly homogeneous silicates. Fraunhofer's communication on the results of his research appeared in the Denkschriften (Memoirs) for 1814-1815 of the Academy of Sciences in Munich. The paper contained a description of the first use of the dark lines of the solar spectrum (Fraunhofer lines) as reference points for the measurement of refraction indexes.
Fraunhofer's other great achievement concerned the measurement of wavelengths in the optical spectrum. He transformed the spectroscope into a precision instrument, but his finest precision instrument was the micrometer, described in his memoir of 1824 to the Munich Academy. By then he had been "extraordinary visiting member" there for 3 years, in due recognition of the talents of a first-rate physicist whose academic training consisted of spotty attendance of the lowest grades of elementary school.
Fraunhofer's success made his name synonymous with progress. Astronomers considered it a privilege to have their orders accepted by him. The famous refractor he made for the Dorpat Observatory and the heliometer he constructed for the Berlin Observatory gave both institutions positions of unchallenged leadership for several decades.
The privations of youth and his delicate constitution hardly equipped Fraunhofer for glassblowing, which caused in 1824 the first symptoms of a respiratory ailment. Proper attention to his health came too late. He died on June 7, 1826, in Munich at the height of a most promising scientific career.
(Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) war ein außerordentlich...)
( Prismatic and Diffraction Spectra by Joseph Sweetman Am...)
(Leopold is delighted to publish this classic book as part...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
( This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923....)
In 1823 he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.