Background
Josiah Warren was born in Boston and is said to have been distantly related to Gen. Joseph Warren.
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Josiah Warren was born in Boston and is said to have been distantly related to Gen. Joseph Warren.
He appears to have had a fair education.
He early became a musician, playing in local bands. He settled in Cincinnati as an orchestra leader and a teacher of music. On Feburary 28, 1821, he was granted a patent for a lard-burning lamp, and soon afterward established a lamp factory, which proved profitable. After hearing a lecture by Robert Owen, he became an Owenite, sold his factory, and early in 1825 moved with his family to the colony then forming at New Harmony, Ind. He soon found himself an extreme individualist, opposed not only to community of goods but to all forms of government. Gradually he formulated a theory of society embodying the principle of "sovereignty of the individual, " a society wherein interchanges of goods and services should be based solely on cost. In 1827 he returned to Cincinnati, and in May, to test his new views, started what he called an "equity store. " Two years later, feeling that he had vindicated his theory, he closed the store, without loss or gain. About 1830 he invented a speed press, which he did not patent. Some two years afterwards one of the Hoe presses was constructed on the same principle. In January 1833 he started a journal, The Peaceful Revolutionist. His exceptional inventive talent had enabled him to make his own press, type-moulds, type, and stereotype plates, and he did all the writing, composition, and press-work, but the experiment lasted less than a year. Between 1837 and 1840 he invented the cylinder press, self-inking and fed from a continuous roll of paper, first used in printing the South-Western Sentinel, of Evansville, Ind. , Feburary 28, 1840; but persistent sabotage by the workmen caused him to destroy it. In 1846 he obtained a patent for a process by which stereotype plates could be made cheaply and easily. After several experiments with "equity stores" and communities, he moved to New York in 1850. Here he met Stephen Pearl Andrews, who became his disciple and chief exponent. Early in the 1850's, at a point on Long Island about forty miles from New York City, he established the town of Modern Times, which became noted as a gathering place for many eccentric characters and lasted until about 1862. His later years were spent mainly in Massachusetts. He died, after a lingering illness, at the home of Edward D. Linton, in Charlestown, and his body was interred at Mount Auburn Cemetery. His first book, Equitable Commerce, appeared in 1846, with later editions in 1849 and 1852. In 1863 he published True Civilization an Immediate Necessity, and in 1875 Benjamin R. Tucker brought out another work of his, entitled True Civilization: a Subject of Vital and Serious Interest to All People. He also published a number of miscellaneous writings, including Written Music Remodeled, and Invested with the Simplicity of an Exact Science (1860). The work of Warren, in music, in mechanics, and in social theory, was notably original.
(Excerpt from Equitable Commerce: A New Development of Pri...)
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(Early American Anarchist)
Warren is described by Moncure D. Conway as a short, thickset man, with a large forehead, and somewhat restless blue eyes. His industry was tireless, though for a propagandist he wrote and spoke little.
At the age of twenty he married.