Background
Justin Winsor was born on January 2, 1831, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. , a prosperous merchant, and Ann Thomas Howland.
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Justin Winsor was born on January 2, 1831, in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Nathaniel Winsor, Jr. , a prosperous merchant, and Ann Thomas Howland.
After a short term at a boarding school in Sandwich, Justin was sent to the Boston Latin School where he prepared for Harvard College. His interest in history developed early; even as a boy he attended meetings of the New-England Historic Genealogical Society and began to collect material for his first book, A History of the Town of Duxbury, which was published in 1849 during his freshman year at Harvard. Greatly attracted by letters, he had visions of becoming a poet. He studied hard and read widely but cared little for his routine college work and finally abandoned it in his senior year without remaining to take his degree, which was given to him fifteen years later as of the class of 1853.
In October 1852 he went to Europe and spent two years, mainly in Paris and Heidelberg, studying French and German. Subsequently he also mastered Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. Before his return to Boston in 1854 he had determined to become a man of letters.
From 1854 to 1868 Winsor wrote steadily for periodicals, turning out a constant stream of criticism, poetry, comment, and fiction, although he produced no book. Late in 1866 he was appointed a trustee of the Boston Public Library and the next year he wrote a masterly report upon it. In 1868, when the superintendent had died and the assistant was dying, Winsor was asked to take charge temporarily, but he proved so able that after a few weeks he was urged to remain permanently, and continued as librarian for some nine years. His administration was notably successful, but occasional conflicts with the city authorities and an intense dislike of municipal politics made him glad to resign his position in September 1877 to become librarian at Harvard College in succession to John L. Sibley.
Before assuming his new and very congenial duties, he went to London to attend the first International Conference of Librarians. Winsor's most important service in his library posts was probably his work toward liberalizing the relations between libraries and their users. In spite of his intense interest in his own particular institutions and his bibliographical and historical activities, he found time for aiding greatly in promoting the library movement throughout the country. He served as the president of the American Library Association, 1876 - 1885, and president again in 1897, elected especially to represent the Association at the international meeting in England. It is likely that his contacts at Harvard greatly stimulated his interest in historical research. In 1880, the year he moved to Cambridge, he published The Reader's Handbook of the American Revolution (copr. 1879), which after a half century is still an indispensable bibliographical manual. In the same year he was asked to edit a history of Boston on a very large scale. In this undertaking he displayed not only his extraordinary learning but an exceptional executive ability. The plan of the work was mainly his own, but he had seventy contributing authors. Agreeing to finish the task in two years, he brought it to completion in twenty-three months - The Memorial History of Boston (4 vols. , 1880 - 1881) - characterized in 1897 by Professor Edward Channing as the best work of its class produced up to that time in any country. The success thus achieved led him to undertake a yet longer work, on somewhat similar lines, for the whole country. This was the Narrative and Critical History of America (8 vols. , 1884 - 1889). The work was made up of narrative chapters, largely by other contributors, and of critical bibliographical essays mainly by himself. The emphasis depended on the available cartographical and bibliographical material to be described and consequently, for the general reader, the work offers a disappointing lack of proportion, but for the scholar it remains one of the important compilations, especially of information concerning continental North America up to the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. The Narrative and Critical History was followed by four volumes from his own pen: Christopher Columbus (1891), Cartier to Frontenac (1894), The Mississippi Basin (1895), The Westward Movement (1897). In all of these works Winsor's interest in cartography played a promient part. Using maps at first merely as an aid to his historical studies, he rapidly became the leading cartographer in the United States, and through his study of maps solved a number of historical problems which had previously been insoluble. In addition to his books, he published an enormous number of articles and notes, besides official reports. He died on October 22, 1897, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at the age of sixty-six.
(This reproduction was printed from a digital file created...)
(This reproduction was printed from a digital file created...)
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( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
Quotations: "A collection of good books, with a soul to it in the shape of a librarian, becomes a vitalized power among the impulses by which the world goes on to improvement. "
Justin Winsor was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1880. He also was a founding member of the American Historical Association.
Justin Winsor was proficient in French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian.
On December 18, 1855, Justin Winsor married Caroline T. Barker. They had two daughters, Mary, who died in infancy, and Constance.