Active in 1905-1907 Revol. Party work in Saint St. Petersburg, Kronstadt, et cetera Arrested by Tsarist authorities.
1912-1917 lived abroad. After 1917 February Revol secretary, Sestroretsk Rayon Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee. Delegation at 8th All-Russian Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Conference.
After 1917 October Revol member, Petrograd Province Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee and member, Petrograd Province Soviet of Workers and Soldiers’ Deputy. 1922 chairman, Pskov Province Executive Committee. 1925 member, Leningrad Province All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Committee.
Deputy chairman, Control Commission. Member, All-Russian and Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Central Executive Committee. 1927 elected member, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Centr Control Commission.
1937 expelled from Party. Arrested by State Security organs.
The hierarchical structure of most religions is anti-democratic, and thus offends basic human rights.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the leading and guiding force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of its political system, of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1905.