Kao K’o-lin

1908

China

Kao’s activities received no further attention until early 1949 when the Communists were rapidly expanding throughout China. He was then identified as the political commissar of the Suiyuan-Mongolia Military District, retaining this position when the District was reorganized in mid-1949 into the Suiyuan Military District. In December 1949 the Military District underwent a change of top personnel, with Kao being replaced as political commissar by Po I-po, a man of greater political importance. Kao, in turn, was made a deputy political commissar. In addition to these military assignments in Suiyuan, he was also a prominent figure in the Party and governmental structures for the province. He was the ranking Party secretary for the province from mid-1949 until July 1952 when the Suiyuan Party Committee was changed into the Suiyuan-Inner Mongolia Sub-bureau. The civil and quasi-military government structure in Suiyuan was different from that of other provinces, which simply had “provincial people’s governments.” In Suiyuan there was a Military and Administrative Committee as well as the provincial people’s government, both established in December 1949. In the former Kao served as a vice-chairman under Fu Tso-i, the Nationalist general and a long-time leader in the Suiyuan area, who had peacefully surrendered Peking. Kao was not immediately given any post under the Suiyuan Provincial People’s Government, but in September 1950 he was named to head the provincial Finance and Economics Committee. Although Kao’s main contributions in the early days of the PRC were made in Suiyuan, he also took part in the fall of 1949 in the establishment of the central government in Peking. He attended the inaugural meeting of the CPPCC in September 1949 as a delegate from the north China “liberated areas,” which suggests that the north had been his main base of operations from wartime days until 1949. In the latter part of 1952 Kao was transferred to Shansi, thereby relinquishing his Suiyuan posts. In Shansi he became the ranking Party secretary, and when the North China Administrative Com-mittee was reorganized in January 1953, he was named to membership, a post he held until this multi-provincial body was dissolved in 1954. Kao’s tenure in Shansi lasted only about a year; in September 1953 he was called to Peking where he was named as a deputy procurator-general in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, a judicial office roughly analogous to the Attorney General’s Office in the United States. In the fall of 1954 the initial session of the First NPC brought the constitutional government into existence. Kao attended as a deputy from Kweichow and at the close of the sessions was named to the Bills Committee, one of the two permanent organs under this legislative body. In the general reorganization of the central government that followed the NPC sessions, he was transferred from the Procuratorate (November 1954) to a vice-presidency on the Supreme People’s Court, serving under Politburo member Tung Pi-wu, the president of the Court. Four years later he was again elected as a Kweichow deputy to the Second NPC and during its term (1959-1964) again served on the Bills Committee. In 1964 Kao was once more re-elected to the NPC, only on this occasion he was elected from Shensi. When the first session of the Third NPC met in December-January 1965, he was selected for membership on the Credentials Committee. (In the First and Second NPC’s he had served on the Bills Committee.) Kao’s only known trip abroad occurred in September-October 1959 when he led a delegation to East Germany for celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of the German Democratic Republic. During this trip he was identified as a vice-president of the China- Germany Friendship Association, which had been established a year earlier. It is evident, however, that he has devoted little time to this organization.

Kao K’o-lin

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politician

Background

Nothing is known about his background.

Education

Kao K’o-lin was not identified until 1941 when he was connected with the newly founded Nationalities Institute in Yenan. The Institute, which opened in September 1941 in Yenan, was a training school for national minorities’ cadres. It was headed by the then secretary of the CCP’s Northwest Bureau (though the secretary’s name was not given it was probably Kao Kang) and numbered on its staff the veteran Party leader of Mongol origin, Ulanfu, who headed the education department. Kao K’o-lin was vice-president of the Institute.

Career

Kao’s activities received no further attention until early 1949 when the Communists were rapidly expanding throughout China. He was then identified as the political commissar of the Suiyuan-Mongolia Military District, retaining this position when the District was reorganized in mid-1949 into the Suiyuan Military District. In December 1949 the Military District underwent a change of top personnel, with Kao being replaced as political commissar by Po I-po, a man of greater political importance. Kao, in turn, was made a deputy political commissar. In addition to these military assignments in Suiyuan, he was also a prominent figure in the Party and governmental structures for the province. He was the ranking Party secretary for the province from mid-1949 until July 1952 when the Suiyuan Party Committee was changed into the Suiyuan-Inner Mongolia Sub-bureau. The civil and quasi-military government structure in Suiyuan was different from that of other provinces, which simply had “provincial people’s governments.” In Suiyuan there was a Military and Administrative Committee as well as the provincial people’s government, both established in December 1949. In the former Kao served as a vice-chairman under Fu Tso-i, the Nationalist general and a long-time leader in the Suiyuan area, who had peacefully surrendered Peking. Kao was not immediately given any post under the Suiyuan Provincial People’s Government, but in September 1950 he was named to head the provincial Finance and Economics Committee.

Although Kao’s main contributions in the early days of the PRC were made in Suiyuan, he also took part in the fall of 1949 in the establishment of the central government in Peking. He attended the inaugural meeting of the CPPCC in September 1949 as a delegate from the north China “liberated areas,” which suggests that the north had been his main base of operations from wartime days until 1949.

In the latter part of 1952 Kao was transferred to Shansi, thereby relinquishing his Suiyuan posts. In Shansi he became the ranking Party secretary, and when the North China Administrative Com-mittee was reorganized in January 1953, he was named to membership, a post he held until this multi-provincial body was dissolved in 1954. Kao’s tenure in Shansi lasted only about a year; in September 1953 he was called to Peking where he was named as a deputy procurator-general in the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, a judicial office roughly analogous to the Attorney General’s Office in the United States. In the fall of 1954 the initial session of the First NPC brought the constitutional government into existence. Kao attended as a deputy from Kweichow and at the close of the sessions was named to the Bills Committee, one of the two permanent organs under this legislative body. In the general reorganization of the central government that followed the NPC sessions, he was transferred from the Procuratorate (November 1954) to a vice-presidency on the Supreme People’s Court, serving under Politburo member Tung Pi-wu, the president of the Court. Four years later he was again elected as a Kweichow deputy to the Second NPC and during its term (1959-1964) again served on the Bills Committee.

In 1964 Kao was once more re-elected to the NPC, only on this occasion he was elected from Shensi. When the first session of the Third NPC met in December-January 1965, he was selected for membership on the Credentials Committee. (In the First and Second NPC’s he had served on the Bills Committee.) Kao’s only known trip abroad occurred in September-October 1959 when he led a delegation to East Germany for celebrations marking the 10th anniversary of the German Democratic Republic. During this trip he was identified as a vice-president of the China- Germany Friendship Association, which had been established a year earlier. It is evident, however, that he has devoted little time to this organization.

Membership

In September 1956, when the CCP met for its Eighth National Congress, Kao was elected an alternate member of the Central Committee. When the First Plenum of the new Central Committee met, immediately after the Congress, he was elected a member of the powerful Party Control Commission, here again serving under Tung Pi-wu. Rather little was heard about Kao in the late 1950’s, but he did make a report on the work of the Supreme Court since 1955 before a session of the NPC in April 1959. Then, in January 1961, the Party reactivated the regional Party bureaus, which had gone out of existence in 1954-55. Soon after, in July 1961, he was identified as an official in the Northwest Bureau based in Sian, Shensi. His position there was not clarified until October 1963 when he was identified as a secretary of the Bureau, serving under First Secretary Liu Lan-t’ao and Second Secretary Chang Te-sheng. With this transfer back to Party channels, Kao was removed from the Supreme People’s Court; an exact date is not available, but it was approximately in mid-1961. With this loss of office, his only known legal ties are through his connections with the Political Science and Law Association of China. He was named to the Third National Council of the Association in August 1958 and then was re-elected to the Fourth Council in October 1964. The organization was headed by Tung Pi-wu until 1964 and thereafter by Wu Te-feng.

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Kao K’o-lin

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1949

1949

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1953