Background
Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg was born on May 31, 1750, in Essenrode, near Hanover, Germany. He was tutored at home in languages, history, and geography and attended a prestigious private school in Hanover for a year.
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Excerpt from Eigenhändige Memoiren des Staatskanzlers Fürsten Von Hardenberg, Vol. 2 Au moment où ce courrier allait partir, j'ai reçu les rapports de Votre Excellence expédiés par estafette le 81 mars, et qui m'ont appris ce que j'avais prévu, c'est que Sa Majesté Suédoise trouvait dans les dispositions militaires mêmes de Sa Majesté Prussienne des motifs pour ne point retirer ses troupes du Lauenbourg. J'avais eu déjà à ce sujet une conver sation avec M. Le comte de Goltz, dont il aura rendu compte au baron de Hardenberg, et dans laquelle je lui ai temoigné toute la peine que Sa Majesté éprouverait que les choses en vinssent à une rupture entre la Prusse et la Suède. J'ai parlé dans 19 même sens au baron de Stedingk et persuadé que si l'on agit avec modération, on pourra obtenir plus du Roi que par des démonstrations militaires, nous désirons que la Prusse suspemle les siennes, et qu'elle laisse à l'empereur le soin de disposer Sa Majesté Suédoise à faire évacuer le pays de Lauenbourg. Vous voudrez bien, Monsieur, repré senter cet objet au ministère prussien comme un nouveau témoignage du désir de Su Majesté de maintenir la tranquillité dans le nord le l'allemagne. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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administrator prime minister statesman
Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg was born on May 31, 1750, in Essenrode, near Hanover, Germany. He was tutored at home in languages, history, and geography and attended a prestigious private school in Hanover for a year.
To prepare himself for a career in public administration, Hardenberg enrolled at the University of Göttingen in the fall of 1766. In 1768 he spent a year at the University of Leipzig.
After studying at Leipzig and Gottingen Karl Hardenberg entered the Hanoverian civil service in 1770 as councillor of the board of domains (Kammerrat). In order to advance his career he set out in the summer of 1772—on the advice of King George III of England, who was also elector of Hanover—on a year’s travel throughout the whole of Germany, primarily to widen his political horizons. In 1773 he went to England to be presented to King George III, who appointed him Hanoverian councillor.
In 1791, he was taken into the Prussian services, with the chief responsibility for governing that province. He also distinguished himself in various diplomatic assignments, so that by 1804 he was appointed Prussian foreign minister. The policy he recommended—strict neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars, combined with an attempt to acquire Hanover—would have been possible only with the help of Napoleon and was, to say the least, contradictory. Hardenberg was soon dropped by Frederick William III.
Hardenberg was recalled after the Prussian military collapse at Jena (1806) and at once attempted to salvage the situation by negotiating an alliance with Russia. At Napoleon's insistence he was dismissed a second time. He was, however, recalled in 1810 in the capacity of chief minister of Prussia, with the charge of administering the internal reforms proposed by Baron Stein. This he proceeded to do in a spirit rather more radical than Stein had proposed. All legislation favoring the restrictive craft guilds was abolished; the privileges of the nobility were severely curtailed; all taxation was consolidated into a general land tax; the remnants of serfdom, the forced labor still required of the peasantry on the large estates, were abolished. All of these radical steps were defended as the only means of raising the huge indemnity which Napoleon had imposed on Prussia.
Karl Hardenberg presided most ably over the conduct of Prussian foreign policy. He saw to it that Prussia reentered the war at the right time and led the Prussian delegation to the Congress of Vienna (1815), where Prussia recovered all of the territory it had lost at Tilsit in 1807. Thereafter, Hardenberg, while remaining chief minister until his death, forfeited much of his influence by his vain attempts to persuade Frederick William III to honor his promise to give Prussia a constitution after the successful conclusion of the war. The King and the temper of the times were drifting toward reaction, and Hardenberg found himself representing, unwillingly, Prussia at a number of international congresses devoted to the suppression of liberalism in Europe. He died in Genoa on November 26, 1822.
Prince Karl August von Hardenberg served as chief minister of Prussia. He presided over the recovery of Prussia after the collapse of 1806 and guided the state's diplomacy.
On October 23, 1797, Karl August von Hardenberg was awarded the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called.
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In 1774 Karl August von Hardenberg married the 15-year-old countess Juliane von Reventlow, who bore him a son and a daughter, Christian von Hardenberg and Lucie Hardenberg-Reventlow. They were divorced in 1788. After his divorce he married Sophie von Lenthe, who had been divorced from her husband on Hardenberg’s account. His third and final marriage was with actress Charlotte Schoenemann.
Christian Ludwig was a member of an aristocratic family with estates in the southern part of the electorate of Hanover in Germany, was a general.
earl, prince
