Background
RAKOVSKIY, Khristian was born in 1873.
RAKOVSKIY, Khristian was born in 1873.
From 1889 active in Social-Democratic movement in Bulgaria. 1890—1903 active in workers’ movement in Switzerland, Germany, France, Rumania and Russia. Contributed to newspaper "Iskra”.
1904 returned to Russia. 1907 took part in peasant revolt. Arrested, deprived of political rights and deported from Russia.
During Balkan War and World War 1 frequently arrested. Prior to World War 1 sided with Mensheviks. During war sided with Trotsky.
Attended Zimmerwald Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Conference. 1917 released from Yassy Prison by Russian troops. Worked in Odessa and Petrograd.
January—March 1918 chairman, Supreme Collegium for Combatting Counter-Revol in Ukraine. May—September 1918 chairman, Soviet peace delegation in Kiev. Attended 1st Congress of Communist International.
1919-1923 chairman, Ukraine Council of People's Commissar. From 1923 Soviet plenipotentiary in United Kingdom. 1925-1927 Soviet plenipotentiary in France, then Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs.
One of leaders of Trotskyist opposition. 1927 at 15th All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Congress expelled from Party. 1934 re-admitted to Party.
At 8th—14th Party Congresses elected member, Central Committee,All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1919-1921 member, Central Committee, Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Ukraine. January 1928 exiled to Siberia for involvement with ‘Trotskyist opposition”.
February 1934 in statement to Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) recanted his errors and broke with opposition. Summer 1934 re-admitted to Party and returned to Moscow from exile. September 1934 headed Soviet Red Cross deleg at International Red Cross Conference in Tokyo.
March 1938 sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment for membership of the “anti-Soviet rightist-Trotskyist bloc”.
Religion in its origin doesn't give equal treatment to women and thus offends basic human rights.
Communist Party of the Soviet Union is the guiding force of all socialist countries, and the nucleus of their political system.
Communist Party member from 1917.