Education
Staatsexamen, University Darmstadt, Germany, 1972. Doctor rerum naturalium (Doctor in Sciences), University Darmstadt, Germany, 1975. Doctor rerum naturalium habilitatus, Universität Würzburg, Germany, 1983.
Staatsexamen, University Darmstadt, Germany, 1972. Doctor rerum naturalium (Doctor in Sciences), University Darmstadt, Germany, 1975. Doctor rerum naturalium habilitatus, Universität Würzburg, Germany, 1983.
Wissenschaften angestellter University Darmstadt, Botany Institute, 1975—1977. Postdoctoral fellow Australian National University, RSBS, Canberra, 1977—1979. Postdoctoral research associate University Wisconsin, Madison, 1980.
Habilitation fellow University Wurzburg, 1981—1983. Heisenberg fellow University Wurzburg, Botany Institute, 1983—1985, professor, 1985—1991. Staff scientist Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama, 1991—1998, senior staff member Panama, since 1998.
Achievements include research in adaptation and acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to environmental stress. Research in ecology, physiology, biochemistry and evolution of succulent plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism. Research in inhibition of photosynthesis by excess light, mechanisms protecting against excess light.
Research in carbon, water and ionic relationships of halophytes. Research in regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Research in C4 photosynthesis.
Research in stable carbon isotope content of plants. Research in ecophysiology of tropical trees. Research in epiphytes, gap and understory plants.
Research in responses of tropical plants to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.