Background
Kumashiro Watanabe was born in 1840 in Oita Prefecture, Japan.
熊四郎 渡辺
Kumashiro Watanabe was born in 1840 in Oita Prefecture, Japan.
Kumashiro Watanabe began his career as a trader in Nagasaki (1855). He became accountant at the Magistrate's Office in Hakodate (1863) which he left to revert to business (1896). He keenly felt the intrusion of English and Chinese business in Hakodate at the cost of Japanese firms and, after heading a campaign, was able to force many foreign firms to close down.