The French Refugee Trappists in the United States. Read Before the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, on February 23, 1886
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The French Refugee Trappists in the United States : American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia, on February 23, 1886
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History as a science; annual address of the president of the American Catholic historical association given at the final session of the association at the the New Willard hotel
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History as a Science; Annual Address of the President of the American Catholic Historical Association Given at the Final Session of the Association at the the New Willard Hotel (Paperback) - Common
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History as a Science; Annual Address of the President of the American Catholic Historical Association Given at the Final Session of the Association at the the New Willard Hotel
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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Eugenics, A Lecture; Catholic Summer School Extension Lectures
Lawrence Francis Flick
J. J. McVey, 1913
Science; Life Sciences; Genetics & Genomics; Eugenics; Science / Life Sciences / Genetics & Genomics
Consumption, A Curable And Preventable Disease: What A Layman Should Know About It (1903)
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Lawrence Francis Flick was an American physician who pioneered research and treatment of tuberculosis. He was influential as an author, lecturer, and historian. He is a co-founder of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (American Lung Association) and was the first to advocate its formation as early as 1898.
Background
He was born on a farm in Carroll Township, Cambria County, Pennsylvania, the second son and ninth of the twelve children of John Flick, an Alsatian by birth, and Elizabeth Sharbaugh (originally Schabacher), a native of Bavaria. Both families had come to the United States in 1830.
Education
An able student, young Flick attended local schools and a Benedictine college, St. Vincent's, at Latrobe, Pennsylvania.
While at home, in 1876, he decided for his own protection to study medicine with Dr. Michael Wesner, the family physician, and in 1877 he entered Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia.
Though he was strongly drawn towards the law and indeed studied for it throughout his medical course, thus severely burdening his health, Flick's success in the medical college determined his career.
Receiving his M. D. degree with high honors in 1879, he interned at the Philadelphia General Hospital and began practice in Philadelphia.
Career
Before he could graduate, however, he was sent home with what was feared to be tuberculosis. After a period of rest, he taught at St. Mary's College high school, Newark, New Jersey, for a year, until illness again compelled him to withdraw. Though he was strongly drawn towards the law and indeed studied for it throughout his medical course, thus severely burdening his health, Flick's success in the medical college determined his career.
Continued illness, this time definitely diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, forced Flick to give up his work after a year. Seeking a cure, he went west in 1881 and eventually worked as an orange packer in California. During this period he evolved a regimen of diet, rest, and exercise which he found greatly beneficial; believing that it could be carried out equally well in the East, he returned to Philadelphia in 1883 and resumed his medical practice. Many poor consumptive patients came to him, and this led him to dedicate himself to the conquest of tuberculosis.
A study which he conducted of tuberculosis deaths in a poor district of Philadelphia convinced Flick that the disease was contagious, not hereditary, and that isolation in special hospitals was of prime importance in preventing its spread.
At the time these beliefs were unorthodox, although Robert Koch had recently demonstrated the infectiousness of the disease; and Flick's dogmatic assurance and willingness to use any means to publicize his ideas often led him into conflict with his fellow physicians.
His proposal to have tuberculosis declared a disease which must be registered was rejected by the Philadelphia College of Physicians in January 1894.
Meanwhile his campaign for special hospitals had led in 1890 to the establishment of the Rush Hospital for Consumption and Allied Diseases, but he resigned from its board in 1893 because he felt that the "non-contagionists" were controlling the institution.
In 1892 he established the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis (later the Pennsylvania Tuberculosis and Health Society), a pioneer association of laymen and physicians combined to combat a single disease and a model for many subsequent health organizations.
In 1895 Flick joined with a group of lay Catholics to organize an association called the Free Hospital for Poor Consumptives. Hoping eventually to establish hospitals and sanatoria, it at first concerned itself with providing funds for the care of consumptives in general hospitals.
In 1901 the group was able to establish the White Haven Sanatorium in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. On a visit to its very primitive facilities, Henry Phipps, a retired partner of Andrew Carnegie, was so impressed by Flick's ideas and personality that he agreed to finance the establishment and development of a tuberculosis institution in Philadelphia.
Flick spent several months visiting European hospitals and clinics, and in February 1903 the Henry Phipps Institute for the Study, Prevention, and Treatment of Tuberculosis was opened, with Flick as president and medical director and a staff of three physicians. It included a clinic, a laboratory, and a fifty-two-bed hospital.
In 1910, seeking to give the Institute more permanence, Phipps turned it over to the University of Pennsylvania, and Flick's connection with it ceased. Flick continued until his retirement in 1935, however, to head the Free Hospital for Poor Consumptives and White Haven Sanatorium Association. In 1904 Flick was one of the leaders in the creation of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis (later the National Tuberculosis Association) and was responsible for the inclusion of laymen in its membership. His interest in minority groups was reflected in his aid in developing Eagleville Sanatorium for consumptive Jewish patients in 1909 and in the establishment of a tuberculosis department in the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital, a Negro hospital, in 1932.
In 1929 Flick branched out from his chosen field of tuberculosis as one of the organizers of the Philadelphia Institute for the Study and Prevention of Nervous and Mental Diseases, serving as its president until 1935.
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Connections
On May 26, 1885, he had married Ella Josephine Stone, of English Quaker descent. She died in 1934, and four years later Flick succumbed to a heart ailment at his home in Philadelphia.
Both he and his wife were buried in the Flick family vault in St. Mary's Church, Philadelphia. They were survived by their seven children: Lawrence Francis Patrick, Ella Mary Elizabeth, Seton Mary Mercedes, John Bernard Las Casas, Cecilia Mary Veronica, Thomas Walter George, and Joseph Samuel Aloysius.