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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
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Lee Slater Overman was born on January 3, 1854, in Salisbury, Rowan County, North Carolina, the son of William and Mary (Slater) Overman. His father belonged to a family long established in eastern North Carolina but in 1835 removed to Rowan County and there became a successful merchant and manufacturer.
After a preparatory training in private schools Lee Overman entered Trinity College (now Duke University) and graduated in 1874.
After the college Lee taught in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, but his ambition turned to law and politics. He took an active part in the gubernatorial campaign of 1876 that resulted in the election of Zebulon Baird Vance, became Vance's private secretary, and, when Vance became United States senator in 1879, was for a time secretary to Vance's successor, Thomas J. Jarvis. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar. He began the practice of law in Salisbury in 1880. In 1881 he campaigned in the interest of a prohibition amendment to the state constitution, although Salisbury was the stronghold of the liquor interests. In 1883, 1885, 1887, 1893, and 1899 he was a member of the state House of Representatives from Rowan County and was elected speaker in 1893. As a legislator he manifested courage and became a recognized leader of the Democratic party. He also favored leasing the control of state-owned railroads to railway corporations and the establishment of a corporation commission.
In 1895 Overman was the choice of the Democratic caucus of the legislature for the United States Senate, but he was defeated by Jeter C. Pritchard, who had the support of the Republicans and Populists. In 1903 after a long contest he was elected over Pritchard. His record as a senator was that of a liberal conservative. He had deep reverence for American constitutional government as established and came to be regarded one of the best constitutional lawyers in the Senate. On the other hand his interest in changing national problems led him to support many measures in the interest of various groups and classes of people when he believed such measure lay within the scope of existing powers of government. Thus he obtained an appropriation for the appointment of commercial agents abroad to aid in the extension of foreign trade, supported the formation of a labor department, and led the fight in the Senate for the Clayton Bill that included in its clauses larger protection of labor interests. Meanwhile he was very vigilant for the interests of North Carolina; notable was the prevention, through his efforts, of suits against the state by Cuba for the redemption of bonds that the supreme court of North Carolina had declared invalid.
When the Democratic party obtained control of the Senate in 1913, Lee Overman became chairman of the rules committee and was ranking member of the judiciary and appropriations committees; and during the prolonged absences of the chairman of the latter committee, he guided deliberations. He gave cordial support to the measures favored by President Wilson during his first term, and in 1913 he was also chairman of a Senate committee that investigated the activities of lobbies. During the World War he consistently advocated strengthening the hand of the chief executive and gave final shape to the Senate bill to empower President Wilson to transfer the functions of one department of government to another. This was known as the Overman Law. In 1918 he was chairman of the sub-committee of the judiciary that investigated German propaganda and, in 1919, chairman of a committee that investigated Bolshevist propaganda. To the time of his death he had served almost twenty-eight years, having been reelected to the Senate in 1909, 1914, 1920, and 1926.
Lee Overman played an important role in bringing on the first Red Scare and chaired the Overman Committee that investigated foreign propaganda and Bolshevism in the United States (1919-1921). Lee Overman wrote and sponsored the Overman Act of 1918, which gave President Woodrow Wilson extraordinary powers to coordinate government agencies in wartime. Overman served as president of the North Carolina Railroad Company in 1894.
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
Lee Overman was a member of the North Carolina State House of Representatives (1883, 1885, 1887, 1893, 1899) and the United States Senate from North Carolina (1903-1930).
On October 31, 1878 Lee Overman was married to Mary P. Merrimon, the eldest daughter of Augustus S. Merrimon.
