Background
Leonard Thompson Troland was born on April 26, 1889 in Norwich, Connecticut. He was the son of Edwin and Adelaide Elizabeth (O'Brien) Troland. On his father's side he was, it is said, of Dutch ancestry.
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physicist psychologist scientist
Leonard Thompson Troland was born on April 26, 1889 in Norwich, Connecticut. He was the son of Edwin and Adelaide Elizabeth (O'Brien) Troland. On his father's side he was, it is said, of Dutch ancestry.
Graduating in 1912 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the degree of B. S. in biochemistry, he took up the study of psychology under Hugo Mensterberg in Harvard University, obtaining the degree of A. M. in 1914 and that of Ph. D. in 1915.
As Sheldon Traveling Fellow, he spent the following year in the Nela Research Laboratory of the General Electric Company, Clevelend, Ohio, where he undertook his first researches in physiological optics (flicker and heterochromatic photometry, after-images, Purkinje phenomenon).
On his return to Harvard in 1916 one of his first enterprises was an investigation of telepathy in the psychology laboratory, which gave negative results. Already the articles which he contributed to various scientific journals had begun to attract notice.
His first book, The Nature of Matter and Electricity, an Outline of Modern Views, written in collaboration with D. F. Comstock, appeared in 1917.
During the World War Troland was employed by the United States navy in the development of submarine acoustical apparatus. At the same time he was a member of the committee of the National Research Council on vision and aviation psychology, and in 1921 as a member of the Council's committee on physiological optics he wrote a learned monograph on The Present Status of Visual Science (1922).
From instructor in psychology in Harvard University (1916 - 22) he was promoted to the rank of assistant professor (1922 - 29); he later became lecturer on psychology. During these years of ceaseless activity Troland gave advanced courses in psychology in Harvard, lectured on physiological psychology, psychology of motivation, and other subjects, and, most important of all, organized and conducted with consummate skill a series of novel and far-reaching experiments in the psychology and physiology of vision which brought him into prominence in a wide field of pure and applied science, and made his name known in Europe as well as in America.
His The Mystery of Mind (1926) was followed soon afterwards by The Fundamentals of Human Motivation (1928). In addition he contributed nearly forty articles to various scientific journals, besides writing long chapters in several handbooks of psychology. Troland's university work in pure science was, however, only one part, perhaps the smaller part, of his varied scientific activities.
From 1918 to 1925, in addition to his other employments, he was closely associated with the scientific engineering firm of Kalmus, Comstock and Westcott in Boston; at the same time he was also chief engineer of the Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation of California, which maintained an office in Boston chiefly in order to employ Troland's services without compelling him to sever his connection with Harvard.
In 1925 he was made director of research, an office which he continued to hold for the rest of his life. He not only developed and improved the old two-color process of color photography, but invented and perfected the modern multicolor process in all its details. He devised nearly all the photographic and mechanical apparatus for colored motion pictures, the patents being issued in his name.
Towards the end of 1929 the Boston office of the Technicolor Corporation was closed, and Troland was induced, though with reluctance, to resign his chair in Harvard and move to California in order to be near this organization. At this time (1930) he must have been very much overworked. Two volumes of his magnum opus, The Principles of Psychophysiology, had just been published--the first (1929) on the problems of psychology and on perception, the second (1930) on sensation--and he was then at work on the third volume (1932) on cerebration and action. (The manuscript of the fourth and last volume on the ultimate theory of mind and matter was finished before Troland died but has not yet, 1936, been published. )
In California his health gave way under the strain of his incessant labors, and he was advised by his physician to take a rest. Going to Hollywood with his wife for a vacation, he stood one day (May 27, 1932) on the edge of a cliff near the summit of Mount Wilson, posing for a kodak picture. Suddenly he lost his balance and fell headlong into the rocky chasm; he was killed instantly.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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He was an active member of many learned societies and in 1922-23 president of the Optical Society of America.
His constitution was naturally strong and robust.
His intellectual powers almost instantly impressed everybody who came into contact with him; it has been said of him that "the theoretical scientists respected him because of his technological achievements, while technologists admired him for his vast fund of theoretical knowledge". Affable and courteous in manner, Troland mingled easily with his comrades and yet was a solitary, aloof from all, facile princeps among his peers.
He was survived by his wife, Florence Rogers Crockford, whom he married on June 28, 1924; there were no children.